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feat(capi): add owned Python and TypeScript host calls - #2742
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What changed
C hosts can opt into embedded Python and TypeScript and register one ABI v1 dispatcher for named functions. Each callback receives an owned call handle that can be answered immediately or transferred to an I/O worker. Responses copy bounded JSON into the library; cancellation/deadline revokes the call and rejects late replies.
Callback-enabled handles return BUSY for concurrent blocking operations, and blocking callback reentry is rejected. Existing handles retain their serialization behavior. Runtime registration preserves the selected profile's VM limits. JSON conversion also rejects integer-overflow literals that serde_json would otherwise round into floating-point values.
Why
Complete native C callback parity after the JavaScript SDK (#2740).
Before / After
Before: ABI v1 had no embedded runtime or host-function callback API.
After: the C11 example dispatches Python lookup() and TypeScript await lookup(), producing 42 twice through the actual shared library. Local validation includes 19 existing ABI tests, 10 runtime tests, three shared codec tests, C/C++ header compilation, full pre-PR checks, feature-sliced Rust tests, all-feature Clippy and the parallel benchmark. Tests cover caller-thread affinity, cross-thread replies, eight concurrent instances, idle-handle migration between threads, cancellation/deadline/reuse, calls retained after handle destruction, invalid input, abandonment, reentry and hardened memory limits.
Risk
Medium: additive foreign ownership and callback lifetime contract. Hosts must free each call once, preserve callback/user-data lifetime, avoid destructor races/unwinding, and cooperate with cancellation. Existing symbols and ABI version remain unchanged; no Rust future or allocator ownership crosses the boundary.
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