Large batch of typing fixes for #151

[dskrypa]

Related to #151, this PR fixes type annotations for a large batch of modules.

Some minor logic tweaks/fixes are included, as well as many docstring / comment additions.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 93.47826% with 24 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 97.40%. Comparing base (374cde8) to head (af08059).
⚠️ Report is 6 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
lib/cli_command_parser/conversion/visitor.py	86.36%	4 Missing and 5 partials ⚠️
lib/cli_command_parser/parameters/base.py	86.95%	1 Missing and 5 partials ⚠️
lib/cli_command_parser/conversion/argparse_ast.py	93.22%	0 Missing and 4 partials ⚠️
lib/cli_command_parser/inputs/time.py	90.90%	0 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
lib/cli_command_parser/inputs/utils.py	92.00%	0 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
lib/cli_command_parser/conversion/cli.py	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #153      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   97.66%   97.40%   -0.27%     
==========================================
  Files          52       52              
  Lines        6946     7005      +59     
  Branches     1097     1119      +22     
==========================================
+ Hits         6784     6823      +39     
- Misses        127      131       +4     
- Partials       35       51      +16     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	97.37% <92.93%> (-0.30%)	⬇️

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