ci: remove debug for public ci jobs

[Alexandr-Solovev]

Summary

Trims the public Linux CI build to a release-mode, disk-frugal configuration:

• Drop --debug symbols from all three build.sh invocations (daal, oneapi_c, oneapi_dpc).
• Delete the cp -r __work __work_daal step that previously preserved the DAAL intermediate build tree on non-ubuntu-24.04 runners.
• Clean __work after the DAAL build step (previously only cleaned after the oneAPI steps).

Net effect on LinuxMakeDPCPP (job that produces the shared __release_lnx artifact):

• Smaller build artifacts (no -g).
• Lower peak disk usage between steps.
• Lower peak memory during icx/DPC++ compile — relevant because the SYCL TUs are the primary OOM risk on GitHub-hosted runners.

Completeness and readability

• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas.
• I have updated the documentation to reflect the changes or created a separate PR with updates and provided its number in the description, if necessary.
• Git commit message contains an appropriate signed-off-by string (see CONTRIBUTING.md for details).
• I have resolved any merge conflicts that might occur with the base branch.

Testing

• I have run it locally and tested the changes extensively.
• All CI jobs are green or I have provided justification why they aren't.
• I have extended testing suite if new functionality was introduced in this PR.

Performance

• I have measured performance for affected algorithms using scikit-learn_bench and provided at least a summary table with measured data, if performance change is expected.
• I have provided justification why performance and/or quality metrics have changed or why changes are not expected.
• I have extended the benchmarking suite and provided a corresponding scikit-learn_bench PR if new measurable functionality was introduced in this PR.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR updates the GitHub Actions CI workflow to stop producing debug-symbol builds for public Linux CI jobs, and adjusts build-directory cleanup to reduce disk usage during the workflow run.

Changes:

• Removed --debug symbols from multiple .ci/scripts/build.sh invocations in the Linux Make job.
• Changed build-directory handling by adding rm -rf __work cleanup after builds.

[david-cortes-intel]

@Alexandr-Solovev Would this affect the jobs that run ABI checks?

[Alexandr-Solovev]

@Alexandr-Solovev Would this affect the jobs that run ABI checks?

yes it will be definitely red for 1 commit.

My point that ABI check should help us to avoid incompatibilities for users, and we do not publicly provide debug builds