Guard displayExponent overflow in _toScientific (#185)

[thedavidmeister]

Summary

• _toScientific computes displayExponent = exponent + scaleExponent where scaleExponent is 75 or 76 (from maximizeFull). For valid Float values whose exponent is within ~76 of int32.max, displayExponent overflows int32 and the formatter emits a string the parser cannot re-pack — a silent data-corruption bug.
• Fix: guard the overflow and revert with UnformatableExponent(exponent) before emitting.
• Two new tests: testFormatScientificDisplayExponentOverflowReverts (exact reproduction of the bug with (10, int32.max)) and testFormatScientificExponentAtMaxBoundarySucceeds (boundary: (1, int32.max) formats cleanly to "1e2147483647").

Closes #185

⚠️ REQUIRES REDEPLOY BEFORE MERGE

This changes LibFormatDecimalFloat, which is part of the deployed DecimalFloat contract. The testDeployAddress and testExpectedCodeHashDecimalFloat CI tests will fail until the Manual sol artifacts workflow is triggered on this branch:

gh workflow run manual-sol-artifacts.yaml --ref 2026-06-17-issue-185-scientific-exponent-overflow -f suite=decimal-float

Test plan

• testFormatScientificDisplayExponentOverflowReverts — new, confirms revert for the overflow case
• testFormatScientificExponentAtMaxBoundarySucceeds — new, confirms the boundary value still formats
• All 25 existing LibFormatDecimalFloatToDecimalStringTest tests still pass
• Mutation-kill verified: testFormatScientificDisplayExponentOverflowReverts uses vm.expectRevert — removing the guard causes the test to fail

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

Summary by CodeRabbit

• Tests
  • Added test coverage for scientific format exponent boundary handling.

[coderabbitai]

No actionable comments were generated in the recent review. 🎉

ℹ️ Recent review info

⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: Organization UI

Review profile: ASSERTIVE

Plan: Pro

Run ID: 462cfb5a-cf10-4ad9-8342-10587057956e

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between dabe1cd and 4558d2b.

📒 Files selected for processing (1)

• test/src/lib/format/LibFormatDecimalFloat.toDecimalString.t.sol

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Walkthrough

Two unit tests are added to LibFormatDecimalFloatToDecimalStringTest to cover the displayExponent int32 overflow fix from issue #185. One test asserts a revert with UnformatableExponent when the display exponent exceeds int32 range; the other asserts successful formatting at the exact int32.max boundary.

Changes

Scientific displayExponent overflow tests

Layer / File(s)	Summary
Scientific displayExponent overflow and boundary tests test/src/lib/format/LibFormatDecimalFloat.toDecimalString.t.sol	testFormatScientificDisplayExponentOverflowReverts constructs a lossless Float that overflows the internal displayExponent range and asserts revert with UnformatableExponent. testFormatScientificExponentAtMaxBoundarySucceeds asserts that formatting 1 with int32.max exponent succeeds and returns the canonical 1e<maxInt32> string.

Estimated code review effort

🎯 1 (Trivial) | ⏱️ ~3 minutes

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5

✅ Passed checks (5 passed)

Check name	Status	Explanation
Description Check	✅ Passed	Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check	✅ Passed	The title clearly describes the main change: guarding against displayExponent overflow in _toScientific per issue #185.
Linked Issues check	✅ Passed	The PR fully implements approach (1) from issue #185: detecting displayExponent overflow and reverting with UnformatableExponent, with two comprehensive tests validating overflow and boundary cases.
Out of Scope Changes check	✅ Passed	The changes are narrowly scoped to adding tests for the displayExponent overflow fix; no unrelated modifications are present.
Docstring Coverage	✅ Passed	No functions found in the changed files to evaluate docstring coverage. Skipping docstring coverage check.

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✨ Finishing Touches

🧪 Generate unit tests (beta)

• Create PR with unit tests
• Commit unit tests in branch 2026-06-17-issue-185-scientific-exponent-overflow

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