Fix stale versioned docs links

[tdashelby-cmyk]

What changed

This PR updates stale documentation links reported in #22867:

• Moves versioned TiDB v7.2, v7.6, and v8.3 links to docs-archive.pingcap.com, preserving the original versioned targets.
• Updates the TiDB Cloud Starter TLS link to the current secure-connections-to-serverless-clusters page.
• Removes the broken TiDB roadmap hyperlink from the TiDB Cloud roadmap page because the linked docs page no longer exists in the current docs site.

Verification

• rg -n https://docs\\.pingcap\\.com/tidb/v(7\\.2|7\\.6|8\\.3)/|https://docs\\.pingcap\\.com/tidbcloud/secure-connections-to-starter-clusters/|https://docs\\.pingcap\\.com/tidb/dev/tidb-roadmap -g *.md returns no matches.
• Checked each new external URL introduced in the diff with Invoke-WebRequest; all returned HTTP 200.
• git diff --check
• npx --yes markdownlint-cli@0.17.0 <changed files>

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Code Review

This pull request updates numerous documentation links to point to the archived documentation site (docs-archive.pingcap.com), ensures consistent trailing slashes, and corrects several link anchors across various files. Feedback includes a suggestion to remove a roadmap section that is no longer informative after its link was removed and a correction for a specific link anchor to maintain consistency with documentation standards.

[gemini-code-assist]

Since the link to the TiDB kernel roadmap has been removed, this section is no longer informative. To avoid confusion, I suggest removing this 'TiDB kernel' section entirely.

[gemini-code-assist]

The anchor in this link appears to be incorrect. For consistency with other similar links in the documentation, it should be ...-new-in-v720 instead of ...-introduced-since-v720.

Suggested change

	- For v7.2.0 and v7.3.0: The pipeline execution model is experimental and is controlled by [`tidb_enable_tiflash_pipeline_model`](https://docs-archive.pingcap.com/tidb/v7.2/system-variables/#tidb_enable_tiflash_pipeline_model-introduced-since-v720).
	- For v7.2.0 and v7.3.0: The pipeline execution model is experimental and is controlled by [`tidb_enable_tiflash_pipeline_model`](https://docs-archive.pingcap.com/tidb/v7.2/system-variables/#tidb_enable_tiflash_pipeline_model-new-in-v720).