fix(emissions_tracker): raise ValueError for LOGGER output without logging_logger (#1412)

[Prasanthmax]

Closes #1412

Root cause

_init_output_methods() unconditionally appended self._logging_logger
to self._output_handlers when OutputMethod.LOGGER was requested.
Since self._logging_logger defaults to None unless the caller
explicitly passes logging_logger=LoggerOutput(...), forgetting that
argument silently put None into the handlers list.

The actual failure is worse than a visible crash — it's swallowed
inside a suppress() block in _persist_data(), so tracker.stop()
raises nothing and just silently produces no output.

Fix

Raise a clear ValueError at construction time when
OutputMethod.LOGGER is requested without a logging_logger, instead
of letting None propagate.

Testing

• Added test_logger_output_raises_without_logging_logger and
  test_logger_output_succeeds_with_logging_logger.
• Updated test_save_to_flags_map_to_output_methods_and_warn and
  test_decorator_flush, which relied on the old silent-None behavior
  without ever supplying a real logger.
• Full test suite passes locally (651 passed) excluding pre-existing
  Windows-only failures unrelated to this change (RAPL's Linux
  /sys/class/powercap assumptions, and one CLI test that shells out
  to a Unix-only command).

Thanks @sohammishra864-wq for reporting this.