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the inclusion of a work is not a statement on its scientific integrity or merit.

Lichess Bibliography

Publications that study Lichess, use Lichess data, or otherwise use or mention Lichess in a meaningful way.

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╭────────  291 Papers ─────────╮ ╭────────── Papers by Year ──────────╮
│                              │ │                                    │
│  Authors                904  │ │  2018   ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░    2  │
│  Institutions           344  │ │  2019   █░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░    7  │
│  With code              102  │ │  2020   █░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░    5  │
│  With data               29  │ │  2021   ███░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░   16  │
│  Lichess bot              4  │ │  2022   ███░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░   13  │
│  conference             120  │ │  2023   ████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░   18  │
│  journal                 58  │ │  2024   █████████░░░░░░░░░░░   43  │
│  preprint                80  │ │  2025   ████████████████████   98  │
│  thesis                  28  │ │  2026   ██████████████████░░   89  │
│                              │ │                                    │
╰──────────────────────────────╯ ╰────────────────────────────────────╯
 Affiliation                           Papers      Keyword                         Papers 
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
 Google DeepMind                           14      games                               13 
 University of Toronto                     11      machine learning                    13 
 Princeton University                       9      deep learning                       12 
 University of Oxford                       9      transformers                        11 
 Stanford University                        7      training                            11 
 Microsoft Research                         7      artificial intelligence             10 
 New York University                        6      large language models                8 
 Carnegie Mellon University                 6      engines                              8 
 MIT                                        5      predictive models                    8 
 Imperial College London                    4      neural networks                      7 
 Johns Hopkins University                   4      big data                             7 
 University of Illinois                     4      accuracy                             6 
 Urbana-Champaign                                  explainable ai                       6 
 TU Darmstadt                               4      transformer                          6 
 University of Central Florida              4      reinforcement learning               6 
 University of Maryland                     4      convolutional neural networks        6 
 Peking University                          4      action prediction                    5 
 UC Berkeley                                4                                             

╭─────────────────────────────────── Most prolific authors ───────────────────────────────────╮
│ Ashton Anderson (8)   Siddhartha Sen (6)    Tom Zahavy (5)         Johannes Czech (4)       │
│ Kristian Kersting (4) Xidong Feng (4)       Satinder Singh (4)     Evan Russek (4)          │
│ Tom Griffiths (4)     Lisa Schut (4)        Reid McIlroy-Young (4) Zhenwei Tang (4)         │
│ Gita Sukthankar (3)   Anian Ruoss (3)       Avi Schwarzschild (3)  Tom Goldstein (3)        │
│ Furong Huang (3)      Vivek Veeriah (3)     Shaobo Hou (3)         Nenad Tomašev (3)        │
│ Maksim Iavich (3)     Zura Kevanishvili (3) Ionatan Kuperwajs (3)  Szymon Miłosz (3)        │
╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯

Most cited

Aligning Superhuman AI with Human Behavior (2020) Reid McIlroy-Young, Siddhartha Sen, Jon M. Kleinberg, Ashton Anderson	99
Leveraging rationales to improve human task performance (2020) Devleena Das, Sonia Chernova	43
Determining Chess Piece Values Using Machine Learning (2023) Aditya Gupta, Christopher Grattoni, Arnav Gupta	21
Learning Models of Individual Behavior in Chess (2022) Reid McIlroy-Young, Russell Wang, Siddhartha Sen, Jon M. Kleinberg, Ashton Anderson	20
Deep learning investigation for chess player attention prediction using eye-tracking and game data (2019) Justin Le Louedec, Thomas Guntz, James L. Crowley, Dominique Vaufreydaz	18
Time Spent Thinking in Online Chess Reflects the Value of Computation (2022) Evan Russek, Daniel Acosta-Kane, Bas van Opheusden, Marcelo Mattar, Tom Griffiths	18
IEEE Big Data Cup 2024 Report: Predicting Chess Puzzle Difficulty at KnowledgePit.ai (2024) Jan Zyśko, Maciej świechowski, Sebastian Stawicki, Katarzyna Jagieła, Andrzej Janusz, Dominik ślęzak	18
Chess Position Identification using Pieces Classification Based on Synthetic Images Generation and Deep Neural Network Fine-Tuning (2019) Afonso de Sá Delgado Neto, Rafael Mendes Campello	17
Measuring the Non-Transitivity in Chess (2022) Ricky Sanjaya, Jun Wang, Yaodong Yang	17
Quantifying human performance in chess (2023) Sandeep Chowdhary, Iacopo Iacopini, Federico Battiston	16
Learning to Play the Chess Variant Crazyhouse Above World Champion Level With Deep Neural Networks and Human Data (2020) Johannes Czech, Moritz Willig, Alena Beyer, Kristian Kersting, Johannes Fürnkranz	14
Bridging the human–AI knowledge gap through concept discovery and transfer in AlphaZero (2025) Lisa Schut, Nenad Tomašev, Thomas McGrath, Demis Hassabis, Ulrich Paquet, Been Kim	13
Quantifying the complexity and similarity of chess openings using online chess community data (2023) Giordano De Marzo, Vito D. P. Servedio	10
Estimating the Puzzlingness of Chess Puzzles (2024) Sebastian Björkqvist	9
The Complementary Nature of Perceived and Actual Time Spent Online in Measuring Digital Well-being (2021) Lillio Mok, Ashton Anderson	9
Cheat Detection on Online Chess Games using Convolutional and Dense Neural Network (2021) Reyhan Patria, Sean Favian, Anggoro Caturdewa, Derwin Suhartono	9
The bread emoji Team’s Submission to the IEEE BigData 2024 Cup: Predicting Chess Puzzle Difficulty Challenge (2024) Tyler Woodruff, Oleg Filatov, Marco Cognetta	9