Hibla PostgreSQL Client

A modern, async-first, high-performance PostgreSQL client for PHP with robust connection pooling, prepared statements, streaming, transactions, and asynchronous Pub/Sub leveraging native pgsql extension

Features

Feature	Status	Notes
Lazy connection pooling	Supported	No TCP connections opened until the first query
Parameterized queries	Supported	SQL-injection safe via prepared statements; note that ext-pgsql sends parameters and results over the text protocol and binary protocol is not exposed by the extension
Named parameters (`:name`)	Supported	Parsed into positional `$n` at the client, works with `query()`, `prepare()`, and all transaction methods
Positional `?` parameters	Supported	Converted to `$1, $2, ...` format automatically
`$n` parameters	Supported	Passed through as-is when already in PostgreSQL format
Prepared statements	Supported	Explicit lifecycle control with `prepare()` and `close()`
Statement caching	Supported	Per-connection LRU cache, eliminates repeated `PREPARE` round-trips
Streaming results	Supported	Row-by-row delivery with backpressure, supports large result sets
Chunked streaming	Supported	Native `pg_set_chunked_rows_size` when available (PHP 8.4+), automatic cursor fallback otherwise
Server-side cursors	Supported	Automatic fallback for streaming when chunked mode is unavailable
Transactions	Supported	High-level `transaction()` with auto commit/rollback and retry, low-level `beginTransaction()`
Savepoints	Supported	`savepoint()`, `rollbackTo()`, `releaseSavepoint()`
Pub/Sub (LISTEN/NOTIFY)	Supported	Dedicated unpooled listener connection with auto-reconnect and exponential backoff
`NOTIFY`	Supported	Send notifications via `notify()`
SSL/TLS	Supported	Full `sslmode` support including `verify-ca` and `verify-full`
Server-side query cancellation	Supported	Opt-in `pg_cancel_backend` via side-channel TCP connection
Type casting	Supported	OID-based casting for integers, floats, booleans, and typed arrays from prepared statements
Health checks	Supported	`healthCheck()` pings idle connections and evicts stale ones
Pool stats	Supported	`$client->stats` for live pool introspection
`hiblaphp/sql` contracts	Supported	Fully implements `SqlClientInterface`, drivers are swappable
Multi-result sets	Supported	Traverse via `nextResult()`

Installation

This package is currently in beta. Before installing, ensure your composer.json allows beta releases:

{
    "minimum-stability": "beta",
    "prefer-stable": true
}

composer require hiblaphp/postgres

Requirements:

PHP 8.4+
The pgsql PHP extension (ext-pgsql)

Quick start

use Hibla\Postgres\PostgresClient;
use function Hibla\await;

// The client is lazy by default, so no connections are opened until the first query.
$client = new PostgresClient('postgresql://test_user:test_password@127.0.0.1/mydb');

// Simple query
$users = await($client->query('SELECT * FROM users WHERE active = $1', [true]));
echo $users->rowCount;

// Named parameters
$user = await(
    $client->query(
        'SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = :email AND status = :status',
        ['email' => 'alice@example.com', 'status' => 'active']
    )
);

// Positional ? placeholders (converted to $n automatically)
$orders = await(
    $client->query(
        'SELECT * FROM orders WHERE user_id = ? AND status = ?',
        [$userId, 'pending']
    )
);

// Prepared statement (recommended for repeated execution)
$stmt = await(
    $client->prepare('SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = :email')
);
$result = await($stmt->execute(['email' => 'alice@example.com']));
await($stmt->close());

// Streaming large result sets
$stream = await($client->stream('SELECT * FROM logs ORDER BY id DESC'));
foreach ($stream as $row) {
    processLog($row);
}

// Pub/Sub
await($client->notify('user.events', json_encode(['type' => 'login', 'id' => 42])));

How it works

PostgresClient manages a lazy connection pool of asynchronous PostgreSQL connections. By default, minConnections is 0, meaning no TCP connections are opened until the first query actually arrives. Resources are created on demand and returned to the pool for reuse. This makes the client cheap to instantiate and well-suited to environments where database activity is bursty or infrequent.

All operations return PromiseInterface objects. You can use await() for linear code or .then() chaining.

Parameterized queries use prepared statements, which are SQL-injection safe and benefit from server-side plan caching. Note that ext-pgsql hardcodes the text protocol for both parameter encoding and result delivery so the resultFormat argument to PQsendQueryParams is always 0. Binary protocol is not exposed by the extension, so column values are returned as strings and cast client-side by the OID-based decoder rather than decoded from binary wire format.

Streaming results support two modes. When pg_set_chunked_rows_size is available (PHP 8.4+ and libpq 18+), rows are delivered in chunks directly from the server buffer. When it is not available, the library falls back to server-side cursors (DECLARE ... CURSOR FOR) automatically. The fallback is transparent and requires no changes in your application code.

use function Hibla\await;
use Hibla\Promise\Promise;

// Three queries run concurrently. Connections are borrowed from the pool
// (and created on demand) only as each query starts.
[$users, $orders, $stats] = await(
    Promise::all([
        $client->query('SELECT * FROM users'),
        $client->query('SELECT * FROM orders'),
        $client->query('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM stats'),
    ])
);

hiblaphp/sql contracts

PostgresClient fully implements the hiblaphp/sql contract package, which defines the common interfaces shared across all Hibla database drivers:

Interface	Implemented by
`SqlClientInterface`	`PostgresClient`
`PostgresClientInterface`	`PostgresClient`
`PreparedStatement`	`ManagedPreparedStatement`, `TransactionPreparedStatement`
`Transaction`	`Transaction`
`Result`	`Result`
`RowStream`	`RowStream`

This means you can type-hint against SqlClientInterface or TransactionInterface in your application code and swap the underlying driver without changing any business logic:

use Hibla\Sql\SqlClientInterface;

class UserRepository
{
    public function __construct(private readonly SqlClientInterface $db) {}
}

`PgSqlConfig`

PgSqlConfig is the canonical, immutable connection-level configuration object. All three config formats accepted by PostgresClient (DSN string, associative array, and PgSqlConfig directly) are normalised to this type internally. You can construct it explicitly when you want to share a single config object across multiple clients, derive variants from a base config, or keep all settings in one strongly-typed place.

use Hibla\Postgres\ValueObjects\PgSqlConfig;

$config = new PgSqlConfig(
    host: '127.0.0.1',
    port: 5432,
    username: 'app_user',
    password: 'secret',
    database: 'production',
    sslmode: 'verify-full',
    sslCa: '/etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt',
    enableServerSideCancellation: true,
    resetConnection: true,
    castPreparedTypes: true,
);

$client = new PostgresClient($config, maxConnections: 20);

Because PgSqlConfig is readonly, every property is immutable after construction. Use the factory methods or with*() methods to derive variants.

Construction

Three construction paths are available depending on where your config comes from.

Direct constructor

All properties are named and have defaults except host. Pass only what you need:

$config = new PgSqlConfig(
    host: '127.0.0.1',
    username: 'app_user',
    password: 'secret',
    database: 'mydb',
);

PgSqlConfig::fromArray(array $config)

Accepts an associative array of options. Unknown keys are silently ignored. All keys are optional except host:

$config = PgSqlConfig::fromArray([
    'host'                            => '127.0.0.1',
    'port'                            => 5432,
    'username'                        => 'app_user',
    'password'                        => 'secret',
    'database'                        => 'mydb',
    'sslmode'                         => 'prefer',
    'ssl_ca'                          => '/path/to/ca.pem',
    'ssl_cert'                        => '/path/to/client-cert.pem',
    'ssl_key'                         => '/path/to/client-key.pem',
    'connect_timeout'                 => 10,
    'application_name'                => 'my_app',
    'reset_connection'                => true,
    'enable_server_side_cancellation' => false,
    'kill_timeout_seconds'            => 3.0,
    'cast_prepared_types'             => true,
]);

PgSqlConfig::fromUri(string $uri)

Parses a PostgreSQL DSN string. The scheme must be postgresql or postgres. Most options are passed as query parameters:

$config = PgSqlConfig::fromUri(
    'postgresql://app_user:secret@127.0.0.1:5432/mydb'
    . '?sslmode=verify-full'
    . '&ssl_ca=/path/to/ca.pem'
    . '&reset_connection=true'
    . '&enable_server_side_cancellation=true'
    . '&kill_timeout_seconds=5'
    . '&cast_prepared_types=true'
    . '&application_name=my_app'
);

If no scheme is present, postgresql:// is prepended automatically. Characters in the username or password that are not URL-safe should be percent-encoded.

Properties

Property	Type	Default	Description
`host`	`string`	required	PostgreSQL server hostname or IP address.
`port`	`int`	`5432`	TCP port.
`username`	`string`	`'postgres'`	PostgreSQL username.
`password`	`string`	`''`	PostgreSQL password.
`database`	`string`	`''`	Default database to connect to.
`sslmode`	`string`	`'prefer'`	SSL mode. Accepted values: `disable`, `allow`, `prefer`, `require`, `verify-ca`, `verify-full`.
`sslCa`	`string\|null`	`null`	Path to the SSL CA certificate file (`sslrootcert`). Used when `sslmode` is `verify-ca` or `verify-full`.
`sslCert`	`string\|null`	`null`	Path to the SSL client certificate file (`sslcert`). Used for mutual TLS.
`sslKey`	`string\|null`	`null`	Path to the SSL client key file (`sslkey`). Used for mutual TLS.
`connectTimeout`	`int`	`10`	Seconds before a connect attempt is aborted.
`applicationName`	`string`	`'hibla_pgsql'`	The `application_name` reported to PostgreSQL, visible in `pg_stat_activity`.
`killTimeoutSeconds`	`float`	`3.0`	Maximum seconds to wait for a `pg_cancel_backend` side-channel connection to complete. Must be greater than zero. Only relevant when `enableServerSideCancellation` is `true`.
`enableServerSideCancellation`	`bool`	`false`	Whether cancelling a query promise dispatches `pg_cancel_backend` to the server via a dedicated side-channel TCP connection. When `false`, cancellation only transitions the promise state. See Query cancellation.
`resetConnection`	`bool`	`false`	Whether to send `DISCARD ALL` when a connection is returned to the pool. Clears all session state including variables, temporary tables, and prepared statement handles. The `onConnect` hook is re-invoked after every reset.
`castPreparedTypes`	`bool`	`true`	Whether the OID-based decoder casts column values to native PHP types when executing prepared statements. When `false`, all values are returned as strings. See Type casting.

Methods

withQueryCancellation(bool $enabled): self

Returns a new PgSqlConfig with enableServerSideCancellation changed to $enabled. All other properties are copied unchanged:

$base = PgSqlConfig::fromArray([
    'host'     => '127.0.0.1',
    'username' => 'app_user',
    'password' => 'secret',
    'database' => 'mydb',
]);

// Regular client, cancellation off (default)
$readClient = new PostgresClient($base);

// Long-running report client, cancellation on so queries can be interrupted
$reportClient = new PostgresClient(
    $base->withQueryCancellation(true),
    maxConnections: 2,
);

toConnectionString(): string

Returns the libpq connection string format required by pg_connect(). Useful for debugging, but note that the password is included in plaintext. Do not log this value directly.

Sharing a config across multiple clients

Because PgSqlConfig is immutable, one instance can be safely shared and derived from across as many clients as you need:

$base = new PgSqlConfig(
    host: 'db.internal',
    username: 'app',
    password: 'secret',
    sslmode: 'verify-full',
    sslCa: '/etc/ssl/ca.pem',
);

$userDb   = new PostgresClient(
    PgSqlConfig::fromArray([...(array) $base, 'database' => 'users']),
    maxConnections: 10
);
$reportDb = new PostgresClient(
    $base->withQueryCancellation(true),
    maxConnections: 2
);

PgSqlConfig covers only what is negotiated at the TCP and PostgreSQL handshake level: credentials, SSL, and per-connection protocol behaviour. Pool-level settings such as maxConnections, idleTimeout, and statementCacheSize are constructor parameters on PostgresClient.

The `PostgresClient`

use Hibla\Postgres\PostgresClient;

// From DSN string, lazy, no connections opened yet
$client = new PostgresClient('postgresql://user:pass@localhost:5432/mydb');

// From array
$client = new PostgresClient([
    'host'     => '127.0.0.1',
    'port'     => 5432,
    'username' => 'test_user',
    'password' => 'test_password',
    'database' => 'test',
]);

// With explicit pool settings
$client = new PostgresClient(
    config: 'postgresql://...',
    minConnections: 0,
    maxConnections: 20,
    idleTimeout: 300,
    maxLifetime: 3600,
    statementCacheSize: 512,
    enableStatementCache: true,
    maxWaiters: 100,
    acquireTimeout: 10.0,
    enableServerSideCancellation: true,
    resetConnection: true,
    castPreparedTypes: true,
    onConnect: function (ConnectionSetup $setup) {
        await($setup->execute("SET SESSION TIME ZONE 'UTC'"));
    },
);

Constructor parameters

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
`$config`	`PgSqlConfig\|array\|string`	required	Database configuration. Accepts a DSN string, an associative array of options, or a `PgSqlConfig` object.
`$minConnections`	`int`	`0`	Minimum number of connections to keep open. Set to a value greater than `0` only if you need pre-warmed connections at startup.
`$maxConnections`	`int`	`10`	Hard cap on the number of open connections in the pool.
`$idleTimeout`	`int`	`60`	Seconds a connection can remain idle in the pool before it is evicted and closed.
`$maxLifetime`	`int`	`3600`	Maximum seconds a connection may live before it is rotated out, regardless of whether it is idle or active.
`$statementCacheSize`	`int`	`256`	Maximum number of prepared statements to cache per connection (LRU eviction).
`$enableStatementCache`	`bool`	`true`	Whether to cache prepared statements per connection. When enabled, `query($sql, $params)` reuses existing server-side statement handles instead of issuing a new `PREPARE` on every call.
`$maxWaiters`	`int`	`0`	Maximum number of callers that may queue waiting for a free connection before a `PoolException` is thrown immediately. `0` means unlimited.
`$acquireTimeout`	`float`	`10.0`	Maximum seconds to wait for a free connection before throwing a `PoolException`.
`$enableServerSideCancellation`	`bool\|null`	`null`	Controls whether cancelling a query promise dispatches `pg_cancel_backend`. `null` defers to the value in `$config`.
`$resetConnection`	`bool\|null`	`null`	Controls whether `DISCARD ALL` is sent when a connection is returned to the pool. `null` defers to the value in `$config`.
`$castPreparedTypes`	`bool\|null`	`null`	Controls whether OID-based type casting is applied to prepared statement results. `null` defers to the value in `$config`.
`$onConnect`	`callable\|null`	`null`	Optional hook invoked on every new physical connection immediately after the PostgreSQL handshake completes. Receives a `ConnectionSetup` instance.

Making queries

Simple queries (text protocol)

$result = await($client->query('SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 10'));

Queries with parameters (prepared statements)

When $params are provided, the library uses a prepared statement, which is SQL-injection safe and allows the server to cache the query plan. Parameters and results are transmitted over the text protocol but this is a limitation of ext-pgsql, which hardcodes resultFormat = 0 in its PQsendQueryParams call regardless of column types.

Native PostgreSQL $n placeholders:

$result = await(
    $client->query(
        'SELECT id, name FROM users WHERE created_at > $1 AND status = $2',
        [$since, 'active']
    )
);

Positional ? placeholders (converted to $n automatically):

$result = await(
    $client->query(
        'SELECT id, name FROM users WHERE created_at > ? AND status = ?',
        [$since, 'active']
    )
);

Named :name placeholders:

$result = await(
    $client->query(
        'SELECT id, name FROM users WHERE created_at > :since AND status = :status',
        ['since' => $since, 'status' => 'active']
    )
);

You cannot mix placeholder formats within the same query. Attempting to do so throws a QueryException.

SQL parser

The parameter placeholder parser assumes standard_conforming_strings = on, which has been the PostgreSQL default since version 9.1 and is enabled on every currently maintained PostgreSQL version (15, 16, 17, 18).

Under this setting, single-quoted strings use '' to escape a literal quote, and backslashes are treated as ordinary characters. The parser correctly handles:

Single-quoted strings: 'it''s fine'
Dollar-quoted strings: $$...$$ and $tag$...$tag$
The :: cast operator (never mistaken for a named placeholder)
The := PL/pgSQL assignment operator

If your server has standard_conforming_strings = off, the escape string syntax (E'...' or backslash escapes in plain strings) is not currently recognised by the parser. A placeholder that appears inside an escape string literal may be incorrectly substituted. This setting is off by default only on PostgreSQL 8.x and earlier, and on any server where a DBA has explicitly disabled it for legacy application compatibility.

Planned: A future release will add a standardConformingStrings config flag to PgSqlConfig so the parser can be switched to escape-string-aware mode for servers that have this option turned off.

Named parameters

Named placeholders are resolved entirely on the client side before the query reaches PostgreSQL, so there is no server-side dependency and they work identically across all PostgreSQL versions.

// Named params with execute()
$result = await(
    $client->query(
        'INSERT INTO orders (user_id, total, status) VALUES (:userId, :total, :status)',
        ['status' => 'pending', 'total' => 99.99, 'userId' => 42] // any key order
    )
);

// Named params via prepare(), most useful when executing the same statement repeatedly
$stmt = await(
    $client->prepare(
        'SELECT * FROM products WHERE category_id = :categoryId AND price > :minPrice'
    )
);

$electronics = await($stmt->execute(['categoryId' => 1, 'minPrice' => 50.00]));
$clothing    = await($stmt->execute(['categoryId' => 2, 'minPrice' => 25.00]));

await($stmt->close());

Rules for named parameters:

Named and positional ? placeholders cannot be mixed in the same query.
Parameter names must start with a letter (a-z, A-Z) or underscore (_) and may contain letters, digits, and underscores.
The PostgreSQL :: cast operator (e.g. value::int) is correctly recognised and is never mistaken for a named placeholder.
The := assignment operator used in PL/pgSQL is also passed through untouched.
Dollar-quoted strings ($$...$$ and $tag$...$tag$) are fully parsed, so placeholders inside them are never substituted.

Convenience methods

// Returns affected row count
$count = await(
    $client->execute(
        'UPDATE users SET last_login = NOW() WHERE id = :id',
        ['id' => $userId]
    )
);

// Returns the first column of the first row as an integer (designed for use with RETURNING id)
$newId = await(
    $client->executeGetId(
        'INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES (:name, :email) RETURNING id',
        ['name' => 'Alice', 'email' => 'alice@example.com']
    )
);

// Returns first row as associative array, or null
$user = await(
    $client->fetchOne(
        'SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :id',
        ['id' => $userId]
    )
);

// Returns value of first column (or named column) from first row
$name = await(
    $client->fetchValue(
        'SELECT name FROM users WHERE id = :id',
        ['id' => $userId]
    )
);

Prepared statements

Use explicit prepared statements when you need to execute the same query many times and want direct control over the statement lifecycle. Both positional and named placeholders are supported.

// Positional placeholders (? converted to $n)
$stmt = await(
    $client->prepare('SELECT * FROM products WHERE category_id = ? AND price > ?')
);
$result1 = await($stmt->execute([1, 50.00]));
$result2 = await($stmt->execute([2, 100.00]));
await($stmt->close());

// Named placeholders, order of keys in execute() does not matter
$stmt = await(
    $client->prepare(
        'SELECT * FROM products WHERE category_id = :categoryId AND price > :minPrice'
    )
);
$result1 = await($stmt->execute(['categoryId' => 1, 'minPrice' => 50.00]));
$result2 = await($stmt->execute(['minPrice' => 100.00, 'categoryId' => 2]));
await($stmt->close());

close() sends DEALLOCATE to the server and releases the statement handle. It is called automatically on object destruction if omitted, but explicit calls are strongly recommended to free server-side memory promptly.

PostgresClient::query() with parameters handles statement preparation and caching for you transparently. Explicit prepare() is intended for cases where you hold the statement open yourself across many executions.

Streaming results

Rows are yielded as they arrive from the server with backpressure support, so the socket is automatically paused when the internal buffer fills and resumed when it drains below half capacity.

The library chooses the most efficient streaming strategy automatically:

Chunked mode (PHP 8.4+ with pg_set_chunked_rows_size): rows are delivered in chunks directly from the server's send buffer with no additional round-trips.
Server-side cursor (fallback): the library issues DECLARE ... NO SCROLL CURSOR FOR and loops with FETCH n FROM cursor, managing BEGIN/COMMIT automatically when not already inside a transaction.

Note: it requires libpq >= 18 compiled with your PHP version for pg_set_chunked_rows_size to work.

Both modes are completely transparent from the application's perspective.

$stream = await(
    $client->stream('SELECT * FROM large_table ORDER BY id', bufferSize: 200)
);

// Inspect stream metadata before iterating
echo $stream->columnCount;
print_r($stream->columns);

foreach ($stream as $row) {
    processRow($row);
}

You can also stream prepared statement results:

$stmt = await(
    $client->prepare('SELECT * FROM logs WHERE created_at > :since AND level = :level')
);

$stream = await(
    $stmt->executeStream(['since' => $since, 'level' => 'error'])
);

foreach ($stream as $row) {
    processRow($row);
}

To cancel a stream before it is fully consumed, call $stream->cancel():

$stream = await($client->stream('SELECT * FROM huge_table'));

foreach ($stream as $row) {
    if (shouldStop($row)) {
        $stream->cancel();
        break;
    }
    processRow($row);
}

Concurrent use: If you are consuming a stream alongside other concurrent async work, wrap the foreach in async() to avoid blocking the event loop while waiting for the next buffer fill:
await(
    async(function () use ($client) {
        $stream = await($client->stream($sql));
        foreach ($stream as $row) { ... }
    })
);

Transactions

Transactions use BEGIN, which means isolation levels are scoped strictly to the individual transaction. They do not leak into the session or affect any other concurrent query on the same connection. Each transaction starts clean, and the connection is returned to the pool in its original session state when the transaction completes.

High-level API: `transaction()`

The transaction() method is the recommended way to run a transaction. It handles BEGIN, commit, rollback, and automatic retry automatically so you only write the business logic.

The callback is implicitly wrapped in a Fiber via async(). This means await() is safe to call freely inside it without blocking the event loop. Concurrent async work, nested queries, and streaming all behave correctly inside the callback with no extra setup required.

$result = await(
    $client->transaction(function (TransactionInterface $tx) use ($from, $to) {
        await(
            $tx->execute(
                'UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - :amount WHERE id = :id',
                ['amount' => 100, 'id' => $from]
            )
        );
        await(
            $tx->execute(
                'UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + :amount WHERE id = :id',
                ['amount' => 100, 'id' => $to]
            )
        );

        return 'Transfer completed';
    })
);

Partial failure is never silently committed. If any await() inside the callback throws, the client automatically rolls back the entire transaction and re-throws the exception.

Automatic retry

transaction() automatically retries the entire callback on deadlocks (DeadlockException, SQLSTATE 40P01) and lock wait timeouts (LockWaitTimeoutException, SQLSTATE 55P03). These two exception types implement the RetryableException marker interface, which the retry engine recognises without any configuration.

The default TransactionOptions has attempts: 1 (no retry). Pass withAttempts() to enable retry:

use Hibla\Sql\TransactionOptions;
use Hibla\Postgres\Enums\IsolationLevel;

await(
    $client->transaction(
        function (TransactionInterface $tx) use ($from, $to) {
            await(
                $tx->execute(
                    'UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - :amount WHERE id = :id',
                    ['amount' => 100, 'id' => $from]
                )
            );
            await(
                $tx->execute(
                    'UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + :amount WHERE id = :id',
                    ['amount' => 100, 'id' => $to]
                )
            );
        },
        TransactionOptions::default()
            ->withAttempts(3)
            ->withIsolationLevel(IsolationLevel::REPEATABLE_READ)
    )
);

On each retry the callback runs again from scratch on a fresh BEGIN. The rollback from the failed attempt is issued automatically before the next attempt begins.

`TransactionOptions` reference

TransactionOptions is an immutable value object. All with*() methods return a new instance.

use Hibla\Sql\TransactionOptions;
use Hibla\Postgres\Enums\IsolationLevel;

$options = TransactionOptions::default()
    ->withAttempts(5)
    ->withIsolationLevel(IsolationLevel::SERIALIZABLE)
    ->withRetryableExceptions([MyOptimisticLockException::class]);

Method	Description
`TransactionOptions::default()`	Returns a default instance: 1 attempt, no isolation level, no custom retryable exceptions.
`withAttempts(int $n)`	Maximum number of attempts (must be >= 1).
`withIsolationLevel(IsolationLevelInterface $level)`	Sets the isolation level for each attempt. Applied via `SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL` scoped to the transaction, never to the session.
`withRetryableExceptions(callable\|array $exceptions)`	Extends retry logic for third-party exceptions you cannot modify. Accepts a class-string array or a `callable(\Throwable): bool` predicate.
`withoutRetryableExceptions()`	Removes any previously set custom retry predicate.

Retry decision hierarchy. When a transaction attempt fails, transaction() calls $options->shouldRetry($e) to decide whether to try again. The check follows a strict three-tier order:

RetryableException marker interface. Any exception implementing this interface retries automatically. DeadlockException (SQLSTATE 40P01) and LockWaitTimeoutException (SQLSTATE 55P03) implement it out of the box. Your own exceptions can opt in the same way:
```
class MyOptimisticLockException extends \RuntimeException
    implements \Hibla\Sql\Exceptions\RetryableException {}
```
Known permanent SQL failures. Exceptions the SQL layer has classified as non-retryable are never retried, regardless of what any user predicate returns. This protects against accidentally retrying errors that will never resolve, such as a UNIQUE constraint violation. These include ConstraintViolationException, QueryException, PreparedException, ConnectionException, and TransactionException.

User predicate. For third-party exceptions that fail tiers 1 and 2, the predicate from withRetryableExceptions() is consulted:

// Retry by class list
$options = TransactionOptions::default()
    ->withAttempts(3)
    ->withRetryableExceptions([ThirdPartyConflictException::class]);

// Retry by predicate
$options = TransactionOptions::default()
    ->withAttempts(3)
    ->withRetryableExceptions(
        fn(\Throwable $e) => $e instanceof ThirdPartyConflictException && $e->getCode() === 409
    );

Low-level API: `beginTransaction()`

Use beginTransaction() when you need explicit control over the transaction lifecycle.

$tx = await($client->beginTransaction());

try {
    await(
        $tx->execute(
            'UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - :amount WHERE id = :id',
            ['amount' => 100, 'id' => $from]
        )
    );
    await(
        $tx->execute(
            'UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + :amount WHERE id = :id',
            ['amount' => 100, 'id' => $to]
        )
    );
    await($tx->commit());
} catch (\Throwable $e) {
    await($tx->rollback());
    throw $e;
}

Unlike transaction(), the low-level API does not retry automatically and does not wrap the work in a fiber. Prefer transaction() in all cases where it is sufficient.

Tainted state

If any query inside a transaction throws, the transaction is immediately marked tainted. All subsequent calls to query(), execute(), stream(), prepare(), and savepoint() on that transaction will throw a TransactionException until the taint is cleared.

The only two operations that accept a tainted transaction are rollback() (rolls back and releases the connection) and rollbackTo(string $identifier) (rolls back to a savepoint and clears the tainted state).

Attempting to commit() a tainted transaction throws TransactionException immediately without contacting the server.

$tx = await($client->beginTransaction());

try {
    await($tx->savepoint('before_risky'));

    try {
        await(
            $tx->execute(
                'INSERT INTO external_refs (id) VALUES (:id)',
                ['id' => $externalId]
            )
        );
    } catch (\Throwable $e) {
        // Rolling back to the savepoint also clears the tainted state.
        await($tx->rollbackTo('before_risky'));
    }

    await($tx->releaseSavepoint('before_risky'));
    await($tx->commit());
} catch (\Throwable $e) {
    await($tx->rollback());
    throw $e;
}

Cancellation behaviour

Promise cancellation inside a transaction follows the same enableServerSideCancellation setting as standalone queries. When enabled and a query promise is cancelled mid-execution, the connection dispatches pg_cancel_backend via a side-channel TCP connection. Unlike MySQL's KILL QUERY, PostgreSQL sends an ErrorResponse on the main wire, which QueryResultHandler consumes automatically. No scrub query is needed.

Cancelling the outer transaction() promise causes the client to interrupt any currently running query on the connection and then issue ROLLBACK before the cancellation propagates:

$promise = $client->transaction(function (TransactionInterface $tx) {
    await($tx->execute('UPDATE ...'));
    await($tx->execute('UPDATE ...')); // still running when cancelled
});

Loop::addTimer(2.0, fn() => $promise->cancel());
// The running query is interrupted, ROLLBACK is issued, connection returned to pool.

commit() and rollback() are never cancellable, regardless of this setting. Both operations always run to completion so the server-side transaction state is always deterministic.

Savepoints

Savepoints let you mark a point within a transaction and roll back to it selectively without abandoning the entire transaction.

await(
    $client->transaction(function (TransactionInterface $tx) use ($externalId) {
        await(
            $tx->execute(
                'INSERT INTO audit_log (event) VALUES (:event)',
                ['event' => 'attempt']
            )
        );

        await($tx->savepoint('before_risky_op'));

        try {
            await(
                $tx->execute(
                    'INSERT INTO external_refs (id) VALUES (:id)',
                    ['id' => $externalId]
                )
            );
        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
            // Rolls back to the savepoint and clears the tainted state,
            // so subsequent queries are allowed to continue.
            await($tx->rollbackTo('before_risky_op'));
        }

        await($tx->releaseSavepoint('before_risky_op'));
    })
);

Commit and rollback hooks

The TransactionInterface exposes onCommit() and onRollback() methods. These allow you to register callbacks that fire after the transaction has successfully committed or rolled back on the server.

These hooks are useful for triggering side-effects such as dispatching domain events, clearing caches, or enqueuing background jobs, only when you are guaranteed the database state has been durably persisted or completely aborted.

await(
    $client->transaction(function (TransactionInterface $tx) use ($user) {
        await(
            $tx->execute(
                'INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES (:name, :email)',
                ['name' => $user->name, 'email' => $user->email]
            )
        );

        // Fires only if COMMIT succeeds
        $tx->onCommit(function () use ($user) {
            EventDispatcher::dispatch(new UserCreated($user));
        });

        // Fires if the transaction rolls back
        $tx->onRollback(function () use ($user) {
            Logger::warning("Failed to persist user: {$user->email}");
        });
    })
);

Hook rules:

Post-execution: They execute after the COMMIT or ROLLBACK has been acknowledged by the PostgreSQL server.
Mutually exclusive: A successful commit clears all rollback hooks, and a rollback clears all commit hooks.
FIFO order: Multiple callbacks registered to the same hook are executed in the exact order they were added.
Active registration: Hooks must be registered while the transaction is active. Attempting to call onCommit() or onRollback() after the transaction has closed will throw a TransactionException.

Transaction lifecycle rules

Isolation level scoping. Isolation levels are applied via SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL immediately before BEGIN, scoping them strictly to that transaction. The session isolation level is never mutated.

commit() and rollback() are uninterruptible. They are internally wrapped with Promise::uninterruptible() so a concurrent cancel() on the outer promise does not interrupt either operation mid-flight.

rollback() is idempotent. Calling it on an already-committed, already-rolled-back, or released transaction silently returns a resolved promise. It is safe to place in finally blocks.

Automatic rollback on garbage collection. If a Transaction object is garbage collected without an explicit commit() or rollback(), a fire-and-forget ROLLBACK is issued automatically. Always manage the lifecycle explicitly rather than relying on this safety net.

commit() is rejected while tainted. Attempting to commit a tainted transaction throws TransactionException immediately without contacting the server.

Pub/Sub: LISTEN and NOTIFY

PostgreSQL's LISTEN/NOTIFY mechanism provides lightweight asynchronous messaging between database clients. PostgresClient exposes two complementary APIs: notify() for sending, and createListener() for receiving.

Sending notifications

// Send a notification to a channel with an optional payload
await(
    $client->notify('user.events', json_encode(['type' => 'login', 'userId' => 42]))
);

// Send without a payload
await($client->notify('cache.invalidate'));

notify() is a thin wrapper around SELECT pg_notify(channel, payload) and shares a connection from the pool like any other query.

Receiving notifications: PostgresListener

createListener() creates a dedicated, unpooled TCP connection to PostgreSQL that is completely isolated from the connection pool. This separation is necessary because a connection in LISTEN mode must maintain an idle read watcher at all times, which is incompatible with the pool's checkout/release lifecycle.

$listener = await($client->createListener());

// Subscribe to one or more channels
await(
    $listener->listen('user.events', function (string $channel, string $payload, int $pid) {
        $event = json_decode($payload, true);
        echo "Received on {$channel} from PID {$pid}: " . print_r($event, true);
    })
);

await(
    $listener->listen('cache.invalidate', function (string $channel, string $payload, int $pid) {
        CacheManager::flush();
    })
);

// Multiple callbacks can be registered to the same channel
await(
    $listener->listen('user.events', function (string $channel, string $payload, int $pid) {
        AuditLogger::log($channel, $payload);
    })
);

To stop listening on a specific channel:

await($listener->unlisten('user.events'));

To close the listener connection entirely and drop all subscriptions:

await($listener->close());

Auto-reconnect behaviour

The PostgresListener includes transparent auto-reconnection with exponential backoff. If the underlying TCP connection drops (due to a network partition, server restart, or proxy timeout), the listener detects the disconnection and begins reconnecting automatically. All channel subscriptions are restored on reconnect without any intervention from your application code.

// Customize the reconnect backoff window
$listener = await(
    $client->createListener(
        minReconnectInterval: 0.5,  // first retry after 0.5 seconds
        maxReconnectInterval: 60.0, // cap at 60 seconds
    )
);

The backoff interval doubles on each failed attempt, from minReconnectInterval up to maxReconnectInterval. Once reconnected, all channels are re-subscribed via fresh LISTEN commands before the listener is considered ready again.

Note on payload size. PostgreSQL limits NOTIFY payloads to 8000 bytes. Larger payloads will cause the server to reject the pg_notify call with an error. Store large data in a table and pass only an identifier in the payload if you need to signal larger datasets.

Connection pooling

The pool manages the full connection lifecycle automatically. By default it is fully lazy (minConnections: 0).

$client = new PostgresClient(
    config: $config,
    minConnections: 0,
    maxConnections: 50,
    idleTimeout: 600,
    maxLifetime: 3600,
    acquireTimeout: 10.0,
    resetConnection: true,
);

Check-on-borrow health strategy

Before a connection is checked out of the pool, the client verifies it is still alive by checking connection state, idle timeout, and max lifetime. Connections that fail any of these checks are discarded and replaced transparently. A more thorough check is also available via healthCheck(), which sends a round-trip ping to every idle connection.

Shutdown strategies

// Graceful: stops new work, waits for active queries to finish, then closes
await($client->closeAsync(timeout: 30.0));

// Force: closes everything immediately, rejects pending waiters
$client->close();

The two modes are safe to combine. Calling close() while closeAsync() is pending will force-resolve the shutdown promise before tearing everything down, so the caller awaiting closeAsync() is never left hanging.

The destructor issues a force-close automatically when the object is garbage collected.

`resetConnection` and statement cache interaction

When resetConnection is enabled, DISCARD ALL wipes all server-side prepared statement handles and session state. The client automatically clears the per-connection statement cache on checkout to prevent executing stale statement names. The onConnect hook is also re-invoked after every reset to restore session state.

Health checks and pool stats

Health check

$result = await($client->healthCheck());
// e.g. ['total_checked' => 5, 'healthy' => 4, 'unhealthy' => 1]

Pool stats

$stats = $client->stats;
// Returns an associative array with keys like:
// 'active_connections', 'total_connections', 'pooled_connections',
// 'waiting_requests', 'draining_connections', 'max_size', ...

SSL/TLS

PostgreSQL's sslmode option controls both whether SSL is used and how strictly the server's certificate is verified.

// Prefer SSL but allow plaintext fallback (the default)
$client = new PostgresClient([
    'host'    => 'db.example.com',
    'sslmode' => 'prefer',
    // ...
]);

// Require SSL with full server certificate verification
$client = new PostgresClient([
    'host'    => 'db.example.com',
    'sslmode' => 'verify-full',
    'ssl_ca'  => '/etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt',
    // ...
]);

// Mutual TLS (client certificate and key)
$client = new PostgresClient([
    'host'     => 'db.example.com',
    'sslmode'  => 'verify-full',
    'ssl_ca'   => '/path/to/ca.pem',
    'ssl_cert' => '/path/to/client-cert.pem',
    'ssl_key'  => '/path/to/client-key.pem',
    // ...
]);

sslmode values:

Value	Description
`disable`	Never use SSL.
`allow`	Try without SSL first, then retry with SSL if refused.
`prefer`	Try with SSL first, then retry without SSL if refused. This is the default.
`require`	Always use SSL but do not verify the server certificate.
`verify-ca`	Use SSL and verify the server certificate was signed by a trusted CA.
`verify-full`	Use SSL, verify the server certificate, and verify the hostname matches.

SSL negotiation is handled by libpq during the connection handshake. The sslCa, sslCert, and sslKey properties map to libpq's sslrootcert, sslcert, and sslkey parameters.

Query cancellation

Server-side query cancellation is disabled by default. When disabled, $promise->cancel() transitions the promise to the cancelled state on the client side only. The PostgreSQL server continues executing the query to completion.

Enable it explicitly for long-running queries where stopping server execution and releasing locks immediately has meaningful value:

$client = new PostgresClient(
    config: $config,
    enableServerSideCancellation: true,
);

$promise = $client->query('SELECT * FROM huge_table');
Loop::addTimer(5.0, fn() => $promise->cancel()); // pg_cancel_backend dispatched

When enabled, cancelling a query promise dispatches pg_cancel_backend(<pid>) via a dedicated side-channel TCP connection to avoid blocking the main wire. The PostgreSQL server then sends an ErrorResponse on the main connection, which QueryResultHandler consumes automatically, resetting the connection state to READY with no scrub query needed.

Key implementation details:

The cancel dispatch is idempotent: if a cancel is already in-flight for the same backend PID, a second dispatch is suppressed to prevent orphaned promises. The promise is also registered synchronously before the next event loop tick, so close() always sees the pending cancel correctly even under race conditions.

When the pool receives a connection back after a cancellation, it uses a ping() as a synchronization barrier to confirm the ErrorResponse has been fully drained before returning the connection to the idle pool.

commit() and rollback() are never cancellable regardless of this setting.

`onConnect` hook

$client = new PostgresClient(
    config: $config,
    onConnect: function (ConnectionSetup $setup) {
        await($setup->execute("SET SESSION TIME ZONE 'UTC'"));
        await($setup->execute("SET search_path TO myschema, public"));
    }
);

The hook receives a ConnectionSetup instance, which exposes a minimal query surface (query() and execute()) without leaking the internal Connection object. Both synchronous and async (promise-returning) hooks are supported. If the hook rejects or throws, the connection is dropped entirely rather than returned to the pool in an unknown session state.

If resetConnection is enabled, DISCARD ALL wipes all session variables. The onConnect hook is therefore re-invoked after every reset to restore session state.

Statement caching

Prepared statements are cached per connection with LRU eviction (default: 256 slots).

$client = new PostgresClient(
    config: $config,
    enableStatementCache: true,
    statementCacheSize: 512
);

// Invalidate all caches, for example after a schema change
$client->clearStatementCache();

When a cached statement is evicted from the LRU cache, DEALLOCATE is sent to the server automatically to free the server-side handle. When resetConnection is enabled, DISCARD ALL drops all server-side statement handles, so the per-connection cache is cleared on checkout to prevent executing stale statement names.

Type casting

Type casting applies only when castPreparedTypes is true (the default) and the query is executed via a prepared statement, meaning any call to query() or execute() with $params, or explicit prepare().

When castPreparedTypes is false, every column value is returned as a PHP string regardless of the PostgreSQL column type, matching the behaviour of the text protocol.

The casting is OID-based: the library reads the field type OID from the result metadata and applies the appropriate conversion. This is more precise than name-based heuristics because it works correctly with custom domains and type aliases.

Note: Because ext-pgsql uses the text protocol even on prepared statements, all column values arrive as PHP strings. The OID-based decoder then casts them to native PHP types client-side. This is different from true binary protocol decoding but produces the same result for the supported scalar and array types.

Scalar types

PostgreSQL OID	PostgreSQL type	PHP type returned
`16`	`bool`	`bool`
`21`	`int2`	`int`
`23`	`int4`	`int`
`20`	`int8`	`int`
`700`	`float4`	`float`
`701`	`float8`	`float`

Array types

Array column values are parsed from PostgreSQL's wire literal format (e.g. {1,2,3}) into native PHP arrays by PgArrayParser.

PostgreSQL OIDs	PostgreSQL types	PHP type returned
`1005`, `1007`, `1016`	`_int2`, `_int4`, `_int8`	`array<int, int>`
`1021`, `1022`	`_float4`, `_float8`	`array<int, float>`
`1000`	`_bool`	`array<int, bool>`
`1009`, `1015`, `1014`, `2951`, `199`, `3807`, `1001`, `1231`	`_text`, `_varchar`, `_char`, `_uuid`, `_json`, `_jsonb`, `_bytea`, `_numeric`	`array<int, string>`

PgArrayParser handles nested arrays, quoted elements with escaped characters, and NULL values inside arrays.

Types returned as strings

All other types (including NUMERIC/DECIMAL, TEXT, VARCHAR, UUID, JSON, JSONB, DATE, TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMPTZ, BYTEA, and custom types) are returned as string. This is intentional for precision-sensitive types like NUMERIC, where casting to float would silently lose precision.

$result = await(
    $client->query(
        'SELECT price, quantity FROM products WHERE id = ?',
        [1]
    )
);

$row = $result->fetchOne();
// $row['price']    => string("19.99")   (NUMERIC, preserved as string)
// $row['quantity'] => int(5)            (int4, cast to int)

For arithmetic on NUMERIC columns, use bcmath:

$tax   = bcmul($row['price'], '0.20', 2); // "4.00"
$total = bcadd($row['price'], $tax, 2);   // "23.99"

Result inspection

$result = await($client->query('SELECT * FROM users'));

echo $result->rowCount;      // int, rows in result set
echo $result->affectedRows;  // int, rows affected by INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE
echo $result->connectionId;  // int, backend PID from pg_get_pid()
echo $result->insertedOid;   // int|null, OID of the inserted row if applicable
echo $result->columnCount;   // int, number of columns
echo $result->columns;       // list<string> of column names

foreach ($result as $row) {
    echo $row['name'];
}

$row = $result->fetchOne();           // first row as associative array, or null
$all = $result->fetchAll();           // all rows as array of associative arrays
$col = $result->fetchColumn('name');  // all values from a named column
$col = $result->fetchColumn(0);       // all values from column index 0

Multiple result sets

Queries that return multiple result sets can be traversed via nextResult():

$result = await($client->query('SELECT * FROM users; SELECT * FROM orders'));

foreach ($result as $row) {
    echo $row['name']; // first result set: users
}

$next = $result->nextResult();
if ($next !== null) {
    foreach ($next as $row) {
        echo $row['total']; // second result set: orders
    }
}

API Reference Summary

`PostgresClient`

Implements Hibla\Postgres\Interfaces\PostgresClientInterface.

Method / Property	Returns	Description
`$stats`	`array<string, int\|bool>`	Snapshot of pool state. No database round-trip.
`query(string $sql, array $params = [])`	...	Execute a query. Uses a prepared statement when params are given (text protocol, see note on ext-pgsql limitations).
`execute(string $sql, array $params = [])`	`Promise<int>`	Execute and return affected row count.
`executeGetId(string $sql, array $params = [])`	`Promise<int>`	Execute and return the first column of the first row as an integer. Designed for use with `RETURNING id`.
`fetchOne(string $sql, array $params = [])`	`Promise<array\|null>`	First row as associative array, or null.
`fetchValue(string $sql, $column = null, array $params = [])`	`Promise<mixed>`	Single scalar value from the first row.
`prepare(string $sql)`	`Promise<ManagedPreparedStatement>`	Prepare a reusable statement. Supports all placeholder formats.
`stream(string $sql, array $params = [], int $bufferSize = 100)`	`Promise<RowStream>`	Stream rows with backpressure.
`notify(string $channel, string $payload = '')`	`Promise<void>`	Send an asynchronous notification to a PostgreSQL channel.
`createListener(float $minReconnectInterval = 1.0, float $maxReconnectInterval = 30.0)`	`Promise<PostgresListener>`	Create a dedicated listener connection for receiving notifications.
`beginTransaction(?IsolationLevelInterface $level = null)`	`Promise<TransactionInterface>`	Begin a transaction manually.
`transaction(callable $callback, ?TransactionOptions $options = null)`	`Promise<mixed>`	Run a transaction with automatic commit/rollback and optional retry.
`healthCheck()`	`Promise<array<string, int>>`	Pings all idle connections and returns a health summary.
`clearStatementCache()`	`void`	Invalidate all per-connection statement caches.
`close()`	`void`	Force-close all connections immediately.
`closeAsync(float $timeout = 0.0)`	`Promise<void>`	Graceful shutdown. Waits for active queries to finish.

`PostgresListener`

Method	Returns	Description
`listen(string $channel, callable $callback)`	`Promise<void>`	Subscribe to a channel and register a callback. Multiple callbacks can be registered per channel.
`unlisten(string $channel)`	`Promise<void>`	Unsubscribe from a channel and remove all associated callbacks.
`close()`	`Promise<void>`	Close the listener connection, dropping all subscriptions immediately.

The callback signature is function(string $channel, string $payload, int $pid): void.

`PreparedStatementInterface` (`ManagedPreparedStatement`)

Method	Returns	Description
`execute(array $params = [])`	`Promise<PostgresResult>`	Execute with given parameters. Supports named params.
`executeStream(array $params = [], int $bufferSize = 100)`	`Promise<RowStream>`	Execute and stream results. Supports named params.
`close()`	`Promise<void>`	Send `DEALLOCATE` and release the connection to the pool.

`TransactionInterface`

Method	Returns	Description
`query(string $sql, array $params = [])`	`Promise<PostgresResult>`	Execute a query inside the transaction.
`execute(string $sql, array $params = [])`	`Promise<int>`	Execute and return affected rows.
`executeGetId(string $sql, array $params = [])`	`Promise<int>`	Execute and return the first column of the first row as an integer.
`fetchOne(string $sql, array $params = [])`	`Promise<array\|null>`	First row or null.
`fetchValue(string $sql, $column = null, array $params = [])`	`Promise<mixed>`	Scalar value from first row.
`stream(string $sql, array $params = [], int $bufferSize = 100)`	`Promise<RowStream>`	Stream rows inside the transaction.
`prepare(string $sql)`	`Promise<PreparedStatementInterface>`	Prepare a statement scoped to this transaction.
`commit()`	`Promise<void>`	Commit and release connection.
`rollback()`	`Promise<void>`	Roll back and release connection. Idempotent.
`savepoint(string $identifier)`	`Promise<void>`	Create a savepoint.
`rollbackTo(string $identifier)`	`Promise<void>`	Roll back to savepoint and clear tainted state.
`releaseSavepoint(string $identifier)`	`Promise<void>`	Release a savepoint.
`onCommit(callable $callback)`	`void`	Register a callback to run after a successful commit.
`onRollback(callable $callback)`	`void`	Register a callback to run after a rollback.

Exceptions

All database exceptions extend Hibla\Sql\Exceptions\SqlException.

Exception	SQLSTATE	Thrown when
`QueryException`	various	General query execution error
`PreparedException`	n/a	Statement is used after `close()`
`ConnectionException`	n/a	TCP connection fails, drops unexpectedly, or is closed
`ConstraintViolationException`	`23xxx`	UNIQUE, FOREIGN KEY, NOT NULL, or CHECK constraint violated
`DeadlockException`	`40P01`	PostgreSQL deadlock detected
`LockWaitTimeoutException`	`55P03`	Lock wait timeout exceeded
`PoolException`	n/a	Pool exhausted, shutting down, or max waiters exceeded
`NotInitializedException`	n/a	`PostgresClient` method called after `close()`
`ConfigurationException`	n/a	Invalid configuration passed to `PostgresClient` constructor

Development

Requirements

Docker and Docker Compose
PHP 8.4+
Composer
The pgsql PHP extension

Setup

git clone https://github.com/hiblaphp/postgres.git
cd postgres
composer install

Running tests

The test suite requires a running PostgreSQL instance. Each supported version has a dedicated Docker Compose service pair: one plain TCP and one SSL.

Start the database services you want to test against:

# PostgreSQL 15 (plain + SSL)
docker compose up -d postgres15 postgres15_ssl

# PostgreSQL 16
docker compose up -d postgres16 postgres16_ssl

# PostgreSQL 17
docker compose up -d postgres17 postgres17_ssl

# PostgreSQL 18
docker compose up -d postgres18 postgres18_ssl

Wait for the containers to report healthy before running tests:

docker ps  # all target containers should show (healthy)

Run the tests for a specific version:

composer test:pg15
composer test:pg16
composer test:pg17
composer test:pg18

# All versions sequentially
composer test:all

Tear down services when done:

docker compose down -v

Static analysis

composer analyze

Code formatting

composer format

Port reference

Service	Plain port	SSL port
PostgreSQL 15	5443	5444
PostgreSQL 16	5445	5446
PostgreSQL 17	5447	5448
PostgreSQL 18	5449	5450

All ports are defined in docker-compose.yml. The Composer test scripts set POSTGRES_PORT and POSTGRES_SSL_PORT automatically and you do not need to export them manually unless you want to point the suite at an external server.

License

MIT License. See LICENSE for more information.

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src		src
tests		tests
.gitattributes		.gitattributes
.gitignore		.gitignore
CONTRIBUTING.md		CONTRIBUTING.md
LICENSE.md		LICENSE.md
README.md		README.md
Security.md		Security.md
composer.json		composer.json
docker-compose.yml		docker-compose.yml
phpstan.neon		phpstan.neon
phpunit.xml		phpunit.xml
pint.json		pint.json

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Hibla PostgreSQL Client

Features

Contents

Installation

Quick start

How it works

hiblaphp/sql contracts

PgSqlConfig

Construction

Properties

Methods

Sharing a config across multiple clients

The PostgresClient

Constructor parameters

Making queries

Simple queries (text protocol)

Queries with parameters (prepared statements)

SQL parser

Named parameters

Convenience methods

Prepared statements

Streaming results

Transactions

High-level API: transaction()

Automatic retry

TransactionOptions reference

Low-level API: beginTransaction()

Tainted state

Cancellation behaviour

Savepoints

Commit and rollback hooks

Transaction lifecycle rules

Pub/Sub: LISTEN and NOTIFY

Sending notifications

Receiving notifications: PostgresListener

Auto-reconnect behaviour

Connection pooling

Check-on-borrow health strategy

Shutdown strategies

resetConnection and statement cache interaction

Health checks and pool stats

Health check

Pool stats

SSL/TLS

Query cancellation

onConnect hook

Statement caching

Type casting

Scalar types

Array types

Types returned as strings

Result inspection

Multiple result sets

API Reference Summary

PostgresClient

PostgresListener

PreparedStatementInterface (ManagedPreparedStatement)

TransactionInterface

Exceptions

Development

Requirements

Setup

Running tests

Static analysis

Code formatting

Port reference

License

About

Resources

License

Contributing

Security policy

Uh oh!

Stars

Watchers

Forks

`PgSqlConfig`

The `PostgresClient`

High-level API: `transaction()`

`TransactionOptions` reference

Low-level API: `beginTransaction()`

`resetConnection` and statement cache interaction

`onConnect` hook

`PostgresClient`

`PostgresListener`

`PreparedStatementInterface` (`ManagedPreparedStatement`)

`TransactionInterface`

Packages