fix(security): harden argument validation and risk detection in SecurityPolicy

[yacosta738]

Hardens the SecurityPolicy in the agent runtime to prevent bypasses of risk classification and configuration injection.

• Security Impact:
  • Prevents masking of risky operations (e.g., git commit) by prefixing global flags (e.g., git -C . commit).
  • Blocks configuration injection via -c and --config flags in git, npm, pnpm, yarn, and cargo.
  • Ensures case-sensitive flags (like git's -C vs -c) are correctly distinguished by preserving argument case during safety checks.
  • Expanded risk coverage for cargo to include build, check, and fetch as Medium risk due to potential code execution in build scripts or proc-macros.
• Performance Impact:
  • Negligible. Replaces single checks with iterator-based checks on typically short argument lists.
• Verification:
  • Logic verified with an isolated Rust script covering multiple bypass and case-sensitivity scenarios.
  • Changes reviewed and confirmed to follow "Security-First" mission rules.

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PR created automatically by Jules for task 12343196545949254071 started by @yacosta738

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[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
90.9% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud