feat: add URL scheme / protocol handler protection

Extend FileTypeGuard to protect URL scheme associations (mailto:, https:,
etc.) in addition to file type associations. Introduces ProtectableTarget
enum to unify both protection types with backward-compatible config
migration.

- New models: URLScheme, ProtectableTarget, CommonURLSchemes (12 presets)
- ProtectionRule now wraps ProtectableTarget with legacy Codable fallback
- LaunchServicesManager: add 3 URL scheme APIs (get/set/list handlers)
- ProtectionEngine: parallel validation & recovery path for URL schemes
- UI: segmented picker (File Types / URL Schemes) in FileTypePickerView
- RuleRow shows distinct icons for file types vs URL schemes
- Localized in en, ja, zh-Hans, zh-Hant

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: yibie

FileTypeGuard/App/FileTypeGuardApp.swift

@@ -104,15 +104,15 @@ final class AppCoordinator: ObservableObject {
 
             // 获取显示名称
             Task { @MainActor in
-                if let rule = ConfigurationManager.shared.getProtectionRules().first(where: { $0.fileType.uti == uti }) {
+                if let rule = ConfigurationManager.shared.getProtectionRules().first(where: { $0.target.lookupKey == uti }) {
                     let oldAppInfo = Application.from(bundleID: oldApp)
                     let newAppInfo = Application.from(bundleID: newApp)
 
                     // 发送成功通知
                     if ConfigurationManager.shared.getPreferences().showNotifications {
                         self.notificationService.send(.associationRestored(
                             fileType: uti,
-                            fileTypeName: rule.fileType.displayName,
+                            fileTypeName: rule.target.displayName,
                             fromApp: oldAppInfo?.name ?? oldApp,
                             toApp: newAppInfo?.name ?? newApp
                         ))
@@ -130,12 +130,12 @@ final class AppCoordinator: ObservableObject {
 
             // 获取显示名称
             Task { @MainActor in
-                if let rule = ConfigurationManager.shared.getProtectionRules().first(where: { $0.fileType.uti == uti }) {
+                if let rule = ConfigurationManager.shared.getProtectionRules().first(where: { $0.target.lookupKey == uti }) {
                     // 发送失败通知
                     if ConfigurationManager.shared.getPreferences().showNotifications {
                         self.notificationService.send(.recoveryFailed(
                             fileType: uti,
-                            fileTypeName: rule.fileType.displayName,
+                            fileTypeName: rule.target.displayName,
                             error: error.localizedDescription
                         ))
                     }

FileTypeGuard/Core/Configuration/ConfigurationManager.swift

@@ -145,11 +145,12 @@ final class ConfigurationManager {
     func addProtectionRule(_ rule: ProtectionRule) throws {
         var config = loadConfiguration()
 
-        // 检查是否已存在相同的 UTI
-        if config.protectedTypes.contains(where: { $0.fileType.uti == rule.fileType.uti }) {
-            print("⚠️  已存在相同 UTI 的保护规则: \(rule.fileType.uti)")
+        // 检查是否已存在相同目标的保护规则
+        let lookupKey = rule.target.lookupKey
+        if config.protectedTypes.contains(where: { $0.target.lookupKey == lookupKey }) {
+            print("⚠️  已存在相同目标的保护规则: \(lookupKey)")
             // 替换现有规则
-            config.protectedTypes.removeAll { $0.fileType.uti == rule.fileType.uti }
+            config.protectedTypes.removeAll { $0.target.lookupKey == lookupKey }
         }
 
         config.protectedTypes.append(rule)
@@ -195,6 +196,16 @@ final class ConfigurationManager {
         return loadConfiguration().preferences
     }
 
+    /// 获取所有文件类型保护规则
+    func getFileTypeRules() -> [ProtectionRule] {
+        return getProtectionRules().filter { $0.target.isFileType }
+    }
+
+    /// 获取所有 URL Scheme 保护规则
+    func getURLSchemeRules() -> [ProtectionRule] {
+        return getProtectionRules().filter { $0.target.isURLScheme }
+    }
+
     /// 导出配置到指定路径
     /// - Parameter url: 导出路径
     func exportConfiguration(to url: URL) throws {

FileTypeGuard/Core/LaunchServices/LaunchServicesManager.swift

@@ -226,4 +226,67 @@ final class LaunchServicesManager {
 
         return Array(bundleIDs)
     }
+
+    // MARK: - URL Scheme Methods
+
+    /// 获取指定 URL Scheme 的默认处理应用
+    /// - Parameter scheme: URL Scheme 字符串，如 "https"、"mailto"
+    /// - Returns: 默认应用的 Bundle ID
+    /// - Throws: LSError 如果获取失败
+    func getDefaultHandlerForURLScheme(_ scheme: String) throws -> String? {
+        guard !scheme.isEmpty else {
+            throw LSError.invalidUTI
+        }
+
+        let schemeCF = scheme as CFString
+
+        guard let bundleID = LSCopyDefaultHandlerForURLScheme(schemeCF)?.takeRetainedValue() as String? else {
+            return nil
+        }
+
+        return bundleID
+    }
+
+    /// 设置指定 URL Scheme 的默认处理应用
+    /// - Parameters:
+    ///   - bundleID: 应用的 Bundle ID
+    ///   - scheme: URL Scheme 字符串
+    /// - Throws: LSError 如果设置失败
+    func setDefaultHandlerForURLScheme(_ bundleID: String, scheme: String) throws {
+        guard !scheme.isEmpty, !bundleID.isEmpty else {
+            throw LSError.invalidUTI
+        }
+
+        let bundleIDCF = bundleID as CFString
+        let schemeCF = scheme as CFString
+
+        let status = LSSetDefaultHandlerForURLScheme(schemeCF, bundleIDCF)
+
+        guard status == noErr else {
+            throw LSError.setFailed(status)
+        }
+
+        // 验证设置是否成功
+        let currentApp = try getDefaultHandlerForURLScheme(scheme)
+        guard currentApp == bundleID else {
+            throw LSError.setFailed(-1)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 获取可以处理指定 URL Scheme 的所有应用
+    /// - Parameter scheme: URL Scheme 字符串
+    /// - Returns: 应用 Bundle ID 数组
+    func getAvailableHandlersForURLScheme(_ scheme: String) -> [String] {
+        guard !scheme.isEmpty else {
+            return []
+        }
+
+        let schemeCF = scheme as CFString
+
+        guard let apps = LSCopyAllHandlersForURLScheme(schemeCF)?.takeRetainedValue() as? [String] else {
+            return []
+        }
+
+        return apps
+    }
 }