main.py

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
import re

class Equation(ABC):
    degree: int
    type: str
    def __init__(self, *args):
        if len(args) != self.degree+1:
            raise TypeError(f"'{self.__class__.__name__}' object takes {self.degree + 1} positional arguments but {len(args)} were given")
        
        if any(not isinstance(arg, (int, float)) for arg in args):
             raise TypeError("Coefficients must be of type 'int' or 'float'")
        
        if args[0] == 0:
            raise ValueError('Highest degree coefficient must be different from zero')
        
        self.coefficients = {i: args[self.degree - i] for i in range(self.degree, -1, -1) }

    def __init_subclass__(cls):
        if not hasattr(cls, 'degree'):
            raise AttributeError(f"Cannot create '{cls.__name__}' class: missing required attribute 'degree'")

        if not hasattr(cls, 'type'):
            raise AttributeError(f"Cannot create '{cls.__name__}' class: missing required attribute 'type'")
        
    def __str__(self):
        terms = []

        for n, coefficient in self.coefficients.items():
            if not coefficient:
                continue
            if n == 0:
                terms.append(f'{coefficient:+}')
            elif n == 1:
                terms.append(f'{coefficient:+}x')
            else:
                terms.append(f'{coefficient:+}x**{n}')

        equation_string = ' '.join(terms) + ' = 0'
        return re.sub(r'(?<!\d)1(?=x)','',equation_string.strip('+'))

    @abstractmethod
    def solve(self):
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def analyze(self):
        pass

class LinearEquation(Equation):
    degree = 1
    type = 'Linear Equation'
    def solve(self):
        a, b = self.coefficients.values()
        x = -b/a
        return [x]

    def analyze(self):
        slope, intercept = self.coefficients.values()
        return {'slope': slope, 'intercept': intercept}

class QuadraticEquation(Equation):
    degree = 2
    type = 'Quadratic Equation'
    def __init__(self, *args):
        super().__init__(*args)
        a, b, c = self.coefficients.values()
        self.delta = b**2 - 4 * a * c

    def solve(self):
        if self.delta < 0:
            return []
        a, b, _ = self.coefficients.values()
        x1 = (-b + self.delta**0.5) / (2 * a)
        x2 = (-b - self.delta**0.5) / (2 * a)
        if self.delta == 0:
            return[x1]
        return [x1, x2]


    def analyze(self):
        a, b, c = self.coefficients.values()
        x = -b/(2*a)
        y = a*x**2 + b*x + c
        concavity = 'upwards' if a>0 else 'downwards'
        min_max = 'min' if a>0 else 'max'
        return {'x': x, 'y': y, 'min_max': min_max, 'concavity':concavity}

def solver(equation):
    if not isinstance(equation, Equation):
        raise TypeError('Argument must be an Equation object')

    output_string = f'\n{equation.type:-^24}'
    output_string += f'\n\n{equation!s:^24}\n\n'
    output_string += f'{"Solutions":-^24}\n\n'
    results = equation.solve()
    match results:
        case  []:
            result_list = ['No real roots']
        case [x]:
            result_list = [f'x = {x:+.3f}']
        case [x1, x2]:
            result_list = [f'x1 = {x1:+.3f}', f'x2 = {x2:+.3f}']
    for result in result_list:
        output_string += f'{result:^24}\n'

    output_string += f'\n{"Details":-^24}\n\n'
    
    details = equation.analyze()
    match details:
        case {'slope': slope, 'intercept': intercept}:
            details_list = [f'slope = {slope:>16.3f}', f'y-intercept = {intercept:>10.3f}']

        case {'x': x, 'y': y, 'min_max': min_max, 'concavity': concavity}:
            coord = f'({x:.3f}, {y:.3f})'
            details_list = [f'concavity = {concavity:>12}', f'{min_max} = {coord:>18}']

    for detail in details_list:
        output_string += f'{detail}\n'

    return output_string

lin_eq = LinearEquation(2,3)
quadr_eq = QuadraticEquation(1, 2, 1)
print(solver(lin_eq))