diff --git a/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/export/BatchLogRecordProcessor.java b/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/export/BatchLogRecordProcessor.java
index 317f79f324d..374d49e7abc 100644
--- a/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/export/BatchLogRecordProcessor.java
+++ b/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/export/BatchLogRecordProcessor.java
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.common.InternalTelemetryVersion;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.common.internal.ComponentId;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.common.internal.DaemonThreadFactory;
+import io.opentelemetry.sdk.common.internal.ThrowableUtil;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.logs.LogRecordProcessor;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.logs.ReadWriteLogRecord;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.logs.data.LogRecordData;
@@ -301,9 +302,10 @@ private void exportCurrentBatch() {
             error = "export_failed";
           }
         }
-      } catch (RuntimeException e) {
-        logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Exporter threw an Exception", e);
-        error = e.getClass().getName();
+      } catch (Throwable t) {
+        ThrowableUtil.propagateIfFatal(t);
+        logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Exporter threw an Exception", t);
+        error = t.getClass().getName();
       } finally {
         logProcessorInstrumentation.finishLogs(batch.size(), error);
         batch.clear();
diff --git a/sdk/logs/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/export/BatchLogRecordProcessorTest.java b/sdk/logs/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/export/BatchLogRecordProcessorTest.java
index 144ab7c35f6..579d6d2bc02 100644
--- a/sdk/logs/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/export/BatchLogRecordProcessorTest.java
+++ b/sdk/logs/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/export/BatchLogRecordProcessorTest.java
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
 package io.opentelemetry.sdk.logs.export;
 
 import static io.opentelemetry.sdk.testing.assertj.OpenTelemetryAssertions.assertThat;
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.AssertionsForClassTypes.assertThatCode;
 import static org.awaitility.Awaitility.await;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyList;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
@@ -376,6 +377,35 @@ void exporterThrowsException() {
         .satisfiesExactly(logRecordData -> assertThat(logRecordData).hasBody(LOG_MESSAGE_2));
   }
 
+  @Test
+  @Timeout(5)
+  @SuppressLogger(BatchLogRecordProcessor.class)
+  @SuppressLogger(loggerName = "io.opentelemetry.sdk.logs.export.BatchLogRecordProcessor$Worker")
+  void exporterThrowsNonRuntimeException() {
+    AtomicInteger exportCount = new AtomicInteger();
+    doAnswer(
+            invocation -> {
+              if (exportCount.incrementAndGet() == 1) {
+                throw new Exception("simulated non-RuntimeException");
+              }
+              return CompletableResultCode.ofSuccess();
+            })
+        .when(mockLogRecordExporter)
+        .export(anyList());
+    BatchLogRecordProcessor processor =
+        BatchLogRecordProcessor.builder(mockLogRecordExporter)
+            .setScheduleDelay(MAX_SCHEDULE_DELAY_MILLIS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+            .build();
+    SdkLoggerProvider loggerProvider =
+        SdkLoggerProvider.builder().addLogRecordProcessor(processor).build();
+
+    emitLog(loggerProvider, LOG_MESSAGE_1);
+    await().untilAsserted(() -> assertThat(exportCount.get()).isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(1));
+    // Confirm worker is still alive after the non-RuntimeException
+    emitLog(loggerProvider, LOG_MESSAGE_2);
+    await().untilAsserted(() -> assertThat(exportCount.get()).isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(2));
+  }
+
   @Test
   @Timeout(5)
   public void continuesIfExporterTimesOut() throws InterruptedException {