diff --git a/src/Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Detectors/rust/Contracts/CargoSbom.cs b/src/Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Detectors/rust/Contracts/CargoSbom.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f674c0536
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Detectors/rust/Contracts/CargoSbom.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+// Schema for Cargo SBOM pre-cursor files (*.cargo-sbom.json)
+
+namespace Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Detectors.Rust.Sbom.Contracts;
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+#pragma warning disable SA1402
+#pragma warning disable SA1204
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Type of dependency.
+/// </summary>
+public enum SbomKind
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A dependency linked to the artifact produced by this crate.
+    /// </summary>
+    Normal,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A compile-time dependency used to build this crate.
+    /// </summary>
+    Build,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// An unexpected dependency kind.
+    /// </summary>
+    Unknown,
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents the Cargo Software Bill of Materials (SBOM).
+/// </summary>
+public class CargoSbom
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the version of the SBOM.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int Version { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the index of the root crate.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int Root { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the list of crates.
+    /// </summary>
+    public List<SbomCrate> Crates { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the information about rustc used to perform the compilation.
+    /// </summary>
+    public Rustc Rustc { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Deserialize from JSON.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>Cargo SBOM.</returns>
+    public static CargoSbom FromJson(string json) => JsonSerializer.Deserialize<CargoSbom>(json, Converter.Settings);
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents a crate in the SBOM.
+/// </summary>
+public class SbomCrate
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the Cargo Package ID specification.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string Id { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the enabled feature flags.
+    /// </summary>
+    public List<string> Features { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the enabled cfg attributes set by build scripts.
+    /// </summary>
+    public List<string> Cfgs { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the dependencies for this crate.
+    /// </summary>
+    public List<SbomDependency> Dependencies { get; set; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents a dependency of a crate.
+/// </summary>
+public class SbomDependency
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the index into the crates array.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int Index { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the kind of dependency.
+    /// </summary>
+    public SbomKind Kind { get; set; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents information about rustc used to perform the compilation.
+/// </summary>
+public class Rustc
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the compiler version.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string Version { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the compiler wrapper.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string Wrapper { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the compiler workspace wrapper.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string WorkspaceWrapper { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the commit hash for rustc.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string CommitHash { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the host target triple.
+    /// </summary>
+    [JsonPropertyName("host")]
+    public string Host { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the verbose version string.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string VerboseVersion { get; set; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Deserializes SbomKind.
+/// </summary>
+internal class SbomKindConverter : JsonConverter<SbomKind>
+{
+    public static readonly SbomKindConverter Singleton = new SbomKindConverter();
+
+    public override bool CanConvert(Type t) => t == typeof(SbomKind);
+
+    public override SbomKind Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
+    {
+        var value = reader.GetString();
+        return value switch
+        {
+            "build" => SbomKind.Build,
+            "normal" => SbomKind.Normal,
+            _ => SbomKind.Unknown,
+        };
+    }
+
+    public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, SbomKind value, JsonSerializerOptions options) => throw new NotImplementedException();
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Json converter settings.
+/// </summary>
+internal static class Converter
+{
+    public static readonly JsonSerializerOptions Settings = new(JsonSerializerDefaults.General)
+    {
+        Converters = { SbomKindConverter.Singleton },
+        PropertyNamingPolicy = JsonNamingPolicy.SnakeCaseLower,
+    };
+}
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Detectors/rust/RustSbomDetector.cs b/src/Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Detectors/rust/RustSbomDetector.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..469f4a200
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Detectors/rust/RustSbomDetector.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+namespace Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Detectors.Rust;
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Contracts;
+using Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Contracts.Internal;
+using Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Contracts.TypedComponent;
+using Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Detectors.Rust.Sbom.Contracts;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+
+public class RustSbomDetector : FileComponentDetector, IDefaultOffComponentDetector
+{
+    private const string CargoSbomSearchPattern = "*.cargo-sbom.json";
+    private const string CratesIoSource = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Cargo Package ID: source#name@version
+    /// https://rustwiki.org/en/cargo/reference/pkgid-spec.html.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly Regex CargoPackageIdRegex = new Regex(
+        @"^(?<source>[^#]*)#?(?<name>[\w\-]*)[@#]?(?<version>\d[\S]*)?$",
+        RegexOptions.Compiled);
+
+    public RustSbomDetector(
+        IComponentStreamEnumerableFactory componentStreamEnumerableFactory,
+        IObservableDirectoryWalkerFactory walkerFactory,
+        ILogger<RustSbomDetector> logger)
+    {
+        this.ComponentStreamEnumerableFactory = componentStreamEnumerableFactory;
+        this.Scanner = walkerFactory;
+        this.Logger = logger;
+    }
+
+    public override string Id => "RustSbom";
+
+    public override IList<string> SearchPatterns => [CargoSbomSearchPattern];
+
+    public override IEnumerable<ComponentType> SupportedComponentTypes => [ComponentType.Cargo];
+
+    public override int Version { get; } = 1;
+
+    public override IEnumerable<string> Categories => ["Rust"];
+
+    private static bool ParsePackageIdSpec(string dependency, out CargoComponent component)
+    {
+        var match = CargoPackageIdRegex.Match(dependency);
+        var name = match.Groups["name"].Value;
+        var version = match.Groups["version"].Value;
+        var source = match.Groups["source"].Value;
+
+        if (!match.Success)
+        {
+            component = null;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name))
+        {
+            name = source[(source.LastIndexOf('/') + 1)..];
+        }
+
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(source))
+        {
+            source = null;
+        }
+
+        component = new CargoComponent(name, version, source: source);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    protected override async Task OnFileFoundAsync(ProcessRequest processRequest, IDictionary<string, string> detectorArgs, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        var singleFileComponentRecorder = processRequest.SingleFileComponentRecorder;
+        var components = processRequest.ComponentStream;
+        var reader = new StreamReader(components.Stream);
+        var cargoSbom = CargoSbom.FromJson(await reader.ReadToEndAsync(cancellationToken));
+        this.RecordLockfileVersion(cargoSbom.Version);
+        this.ProcessCargoSbom(cargoSbom, singleFileComponentRecorder, components);
+    }
+
+    private void ProcessDependency(CargoSbom sbom, SbomCrate package, ISingleFileComponentRecorder recorder, IComponentStream components, HashSet<int> visitedNodes, CargoComponent parent = null, int depth = 0)
+    {
+        foreach (var dependency in package.Dependencies)
+        {
+            var dep = sbom.Crates[dependency.Index];
+            var parentComponent = parent;
+            if (ParsePackageIdSpec(dep.Id, out var component))
+            {
+                if (component.Source == CratesIoSource)
+                {
+                    parentComponent = component;
+                    recorder.RegisterUsage(new DetectedComponent(component), isExplicitReferencedDependency: depth == 0, parent?.Id, isDevelopmentDependency: false);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                this.Logger.LogError(null, "Failed to parse Cargo PackageIdSpec '{Id}' in '{Location}'", dep.Id, components.Location);
+                recorder.RegisterPackageParseFailure(dep.Id);
+            }
+
+            if (visitedNodes.Add(dependency.Index))
+            {
+                // Skip processing already processed nodes
+                this.ProcessDependency(sbom, dep, recorder, components, visitedNodes, parentComponent, depth + 1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void ProcessCargoSbom(CargoSbom sbom, ISingleFileComponentRecorder recorder, IComponentStream components)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var visitedNodes = new HashSet<int>();
+            this.ProcessDependency(sbom, sbom.Crates[sbom.Root], recorder, components, visitedNodes);
+        }
+        catch (Exception e)
+        {
+            // If something went wrong, just ignore the file
+            this.Logger.LogError(e, "Failed to process Cargo SBOM file '{FileLocation}'", components.Location);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Orchestrator/Experiments/Configs/RustSbomVsCliExperiment.cs b/src/Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Orchestrator/Experiments/Configs/RustSbomVsCliExperiment.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08ebb1b35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Orchestrator/Experiments/Configs/RustSbomVsCliExperiment.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+namespace Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Orchestrator.Experiments.Configs;
+
+using Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Contracts;
+using Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Detectors.Rust;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Validating the Rust SBOM detector against the Rust CLI detector.
+/// </summary>
+public class RustSbomVsCliExperiment : IExperimentConfiguration
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public string Name => "RustSbomVsCliExperiment";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public bool IsInControlGroup(IComponentDetector componentDetector) => componentDetector is RustCliDetector;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public bool IsInExperimentGroup(IComponentDetector componentDetector) => componentDetector is RustSbomDetector;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool ShouldRecord(IComponentDetector componentDetector, int numComponents) => true;
+}
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Orchestrator/Experiments/Configs/RustSbomVsCrateExperiment.cs b/src/Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Orchestrator/Experiments/Configs/RustSbomVsCrateExperiment.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4801ff2f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Orchestrator/Experiments/Configs/RustSbomVsCrateExperiment.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+namespace Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Orchestrator.Experiments.Configs;
+
+using Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Contracts;
+using Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Detectors.Rust;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Validating the Rust SBOM detector against the Rust crate detector.
+/// </summary>
+public class RustSbomVsCrateExperiment : IExperimentConfiguration
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public string Name => "RustSbomVsCrateExperiment";
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public bool IsInControlGroup(IComponentDetector componentDetector) => componentDetector is RustCrateDetector;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public bool IsInExperimentGroup(IComponentDetector componentDetector) => componentDetector is RustSbomDetector;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool ShouldRecord(IComponentDetector componentDetector, int numComponents) => true;
+}
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Orchestrator/Extensions/ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs b/src/Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Orchestrator/Extensions/ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs
index 7f097fb90..5099e5fa3 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Orchestrator/Extensions/ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Orchestrator/Extensions/ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs
@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ public static IServiceCollection AddComponentDetection(this IServiceCollection s
         services.AddSingleton<IExperimentProcessor, DefaultExperimentProcessor>();
         services.AddSingleton<IExperimentConfiguration, SimplePipExperiment>();
         services.AddSingleton<IExperimentConfiguration, RustCliDetectorExperiment>();
+        services.AddSingleton<IExperimentConfiguration, RustSbomVsCliExperiment>();
+        services.AddSingleton<IExperimentConfiguration, RustSbomVsCrateExperiment>();
         services.AddSingleton<IExperimentConfiguration, Go117DetectorExperiment>();
 
         // Detectors
@@ -136,6 +138,7 @@ public static IServiceCollection AddComponentDetection(this IServiceCollection s
         // Rust
         services.AddSingleton<IComponentDetector, RustCrateDetector>();
         services.AddSingleton<IComponentDetector, RustCliDetector>();
+        services.AddSingleton<IComponentDetector, RustSbomDetector>();
 
         // SPDX
         services.AddSingleton<IComponentDetector, Spdx22ComponentDetector>();
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Detectors.Tests/RustSbomDetectorTests.cs b/test/Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Detectors.Tests/RustSbomDetectorTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e01e2cf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Detectors.Tests/RustSbomDetectorTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+namespace Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Detectors.Tests;
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using FluentAssertions;
+using Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Contracts;
+using Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Detectors.Rust;
+using Microsoft.ComponentDetection.Detectors.Rust.Sbom.Contracts;
+using Microsoft.ComponentDetection.TestsUtilities;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+[TestClass]
+[TestCategory("Governance/All")]
+[TestCategory("Governance/ComponentDetection")]
+public class RustSbomDetectorTests : BaseDetectorTest<RustSbomDetector>
+{
+    private readonly string testSbom = /*lang=json,strict*/ @"
+{
+  ""version"": 1,
+  ""root"": 0,
+  ""crates"": [
+    {
+      ""id"": ""path+file:///temp/test-crate#0.1.0"",
+      ""features"": [],
+      ""dependencies"": [
+        {
+          ""index"": 1,
+          ""kind"": ""normal""
+        },
+        {
+          ""index"": 1,
+          ""kind"": ""build""
+        },
+        {
+          ""index"": 2,
+          ""kind"": ""normal""
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      ""id"": ""registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index#my_dependency@1.0.0"",
+      ""features"": [],
+      ""unexpected_new_thing_from_the_future"": ""foo"",
+      ""dependencies"": []
+    },
+    {
+      ""id"": ""registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index#other_dependency@0.4.0"",
+      ""features"": [],
+      ""dependencies"": [
+            {
+              ""index"": 3,
+              ""kind"": ""normal""
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+      ""id"": ""registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index#other_dependency_dependency@0.1.12-alpha.6"",
+      ""features"": [],
+      ""dependencies"": []
+    }
+  ],
+  ""rustc"": {
+    ""version"": ""1.84.1"",
+    ""wrapper"": null,
+    ""workspace_wrapper"": null,
+    ""commit_hash"": ""2b00e2aae6389eb20dbb690bce5a28cc50affa53"",
+    ""host"": ""x86_64-pc-windows-msvc"",
+    ""verbose_version"": ""rustc 1.84.1""
+  },
+  ""target"": ""x86_64-pc-windows-msvc""
+}
+";
+
+    private readonly string testSbomWithGitDeps = /*lang=json,strict*/ @"{
+    ""version"": 1,
+    ""root"": 2,
+    ""crates"": [
+        {
+            ""id"": ""registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index#aho-corasick@1.1.3"",
+            ""features"": [
+                ""perf-literal"",
+                ""std""
+            ],
+            ""dependencies"": [
+                {
+                    ""index"": 3,
+                    ""kind"": ""normal""
+                }
+            ],
+            ""kind"": [
+                ""lib""
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            ""id"": ""path+file:///D:/temp/hello#0.1.0"",
+            ""features"": [],
+            ""dependencies"": [
+                {
+                    ""index"": 4,
+                    ""kind"": ""normal""
+                }
+            ],
+            ""kind"": [
+                ""lib""
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            ""id"": ""path+file:///D:/temp/hello#0.1.0"",
+            ""features"": [],
+            ""dependencies"": [
+                {
+                    ""index"": 1,
+                    ""kind"": ""normal""
+                },
+                {
+                    ""index"": 4,
+                    ""kind"": ""normal""
+                }
+            ],
+            ""kind"": [
+                ""bin""
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            ""id"": ""registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index#memchr@2.7.4"",
+            ""features"": [
+                ""alloc"",
+                ""std""
+            ],
+            ""dependencies"": [],
+            ""kind"": [
+                ""lib""
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            ""id"": ""git+https://github.com/rust-lang/regex.git#regex@1.11.1"",
+            ""features"": [
+            ],
+            ""dependencies"": [
+                {
+                    ""index"": 0,
+                    ""kind"": ""normal""
+                },
+                {
+                    ""index"": 3,
+                    ""kind"": ""normal""
+                },
+                {
+                    ""index"": 5,
+                    ""kind"": ""normal""
+                },
+                {
+                    ""index"": 6,
+                    ""kind"": ""normal""
+                }
+            ],
+            ""kind"": [
+                ""lib""
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            ""id"": ""git+https://github.com/rust-lang/regex.git#regex-automata@0.4.9"",
+            ""features"": [
+            ],
+            ""dependencies"": [
+                {
+                    ""index"": 0,
+                    ""kind"": ""normal""
+                },
+                {
+                    ""index"": 3,
+                    ""kind"": ""normal""
+                },
+                {
+                    ""index"": 6,
+                    ""kind"": ""normal""
+                }
+            ],
+            ""kind"": [
+                ""lib""
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            ""id"": ""git+https://github.com/rust-lang/regex.git#regex-syntax@0.8.5"",
+            ""features"": [
+            ],
+            ""dependencies"": [],
+            ""kind"": [
+                ""lib""
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    ""rustc"": {
+        ""version"": ""1.88.0-nightly"",
+        ""wrapper"": null,
+        ""workspace_wrapper"": null,
+        ""commit_hash"": ""6bc57c6bf7d0024ad9ea5a2c112f3fc9c383c8a4"",
+        ""host"": ""x86_64-pc-windows-msvc"",
+        ""verbose_version"": ""rustc 1.88.0-nightly (6bc57c6bf 2025-04-22)\nbinary: rustc\ncommit-hash: 6bc57c6bf7d0024ad9ea5a2c112f3fc9c383c8a4\ncommit-date: 2025-04-22\nhost: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc\nrelease: 1.88.0-nightly\nLLVM version: 20.1.2\n""
+    },
+    ""target"": ""x86_64-pc-windows-msvc""
+}";
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public async Task TestGraphIsCorrectAsync()
+    {
+        var sbom = CargoSbom.FromJson(this.testSbom);
+
+        var (result, componentRecorder) = await this.DetectorTestUtility
+            .WithFile("main.exe.cargo-sbom.json", this.testSbom)
+            .ExecuteDetectorAsync();
+
+        result.ResultCode.Should().Be(ProcessingResultCode.Success);
+        componentRecorder.GetDetectedComponents().Should().HaveCount(3);
+
+        var graph = componentRecorder.GetDependencyGraphsByLocation().Values.First(); // There should only be 1
+
+        // Verify explicitly referenced roots
+        var rootComponents = new List<string>
+        {
+            "my_dependency 1.0.0 - Cargo",
+            "other_dependency 0.4.0 - Cargo",
+        };
+
+        rootComponents.ForEach(rootComponentId => graph.IsComponentExplicitlyReferenced(rootComponentId).Should().BeTrue());
+
+        // Verify dependencies for my_dependency
+        graph.GetDependenciesForComponent("my_dependency 1.0.0 - Cargo").Should().BeEmpty();
+
+        // Verify dependencies for other_dependency
+        var other_dependencyDependencies = new List<string>
+        {
+            "other_dependency_dependency 0.1.12-alpha.6 - Cargo",
+        };
+
+        graph.GetDependenciesForComponent("other_dependency 0.4.0 - Cargo").Should().BeEquivalentTo(other_dependencyDependencies);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public async Task TestGraphIsCorrectWithGitDeps()
+    {
+        var sbom = CargoSbom.FromJson(this.testSbomWithGitDeps);
+
+        var (result, componentRecorder) = await this.DetectorTestUtility
+            .WithFile("main.exe.cargo-sbom.json", this.testSbomWithGitDeps)
+            .ExecuteDetectorAsync();
+
+        result.ResultCode.Should().Be(ProcessingResultCode.Success);
+        componentRecorder.GetDetectedComponents().Should().HaveCount(2);
+
+        var graph = componentRecorder.GetDependencyGraphsByLocation().Values.First(); // There should only be 1
+
+        // Verify dependencies
+        graph.GetDependenciesForComponent("aho-corasick 1.1.3 - Cargo").Should().BeEquivalentTo("memchr 2.7.4 - Cargo");
+    }
+}