multi_synth.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3

# Polyphonic Python MIDI synthesizer

import pyaudio
import mido
import struct, math, time

# sleep time in main loop
SLEEP = 0.01

# audio buffer size (determines latency)
#      Increase this if there is crackling audio output.
BSIZE = 256

# sample rate
ARATE = 44100

# maximum polyphony
MAXPOLY = 8

# volume
VOLUME = 3000

# sustain notes?
SUSTAIN = False

################################################################################

# list of currently active notes
notes = []


# callback function for audio data
def callback(in_data, frame_count, time_info, status):
    data = b""
    for i in range(frame_count):
        v = 0
        for n in notes:
            v += n[2] * (
                math.sin(n[0])
                + 0.5 * n[5] * math.sin(2 * n[0])
                + 0.25 * n[5] * math.sin(4 * n[0])
            )
            n[0] += 2 * math.pi / ARATE * n[1]
            n[2] *= n[3]
        b = struct.pack("h", round(VOLUME * v))
        data += b
    return data, pyaudio.paContinue


# open mido and pyaudio inputs/outputs
inport = mido.open_input()
paud = pyaudio.PyAudio()
stream = paud.open(
    format=paud.get_format_from_width(2),
    channels=1,
    rate=ARATE,
    output=True,
    frames_per_buffer=BSIZE,
    stream_callback=callback,
)

# print("latency [s] = %.5f" % stream.get_output_latency())

while True:
    for msg in inport.iter_pending():
        # process new note
        if msg.type == "note_on":
            if msg.velocity == 0:
                # turn note off (if velocity = 0)
                if not SUSTAIN:
                    for n in notes:
                        if n[4] == msg.note:
                            n[3] = n[3] ** 6
            else:
                # get note frequency in Hz
                freq = 440 * 2 ** ((msg.note - 69) / 12)

                # get amplitude loss factor per sample
                #   (higher frequencies decay more quickly)
                a_min, a_max, a_sel = math.log(21), math.log(108), math.log(msg.note)
                lossfac = 50000 - 49000 * ((a_sel - a_min) / (a_max - a_min))
                lossfac *= ARATE / 44100
                amp_loss = 1 - 1 / lossfac

                # get harmonic content factor (like PySynth A)
                #   - strong harmonics in lower octaves
                #   - no harmonics in higher octaves
                lf_fac = (math.log(freq) - 3) / 4
                if lf_fac > 1:
                    harm = 0
                else:
                    harm = 2 * (1 - lf_fac)

                # append new note to list of active notes
                #   note data:
                #   0  * current oscillator phase
                #   1  * frequency in Hz
                #   2  * current amplitude
                #   3  * amplitude loss factor
                #   4  * MIDI key number
                #   5  * harmonic content factor
                notes.append([0, freq, 1, amp_loss, msg.note, harm])

                # remove notes that have gone almost silent
                newnotes = []
                for n in notes:
                    if n[2] > 0.001:
                        newnotes.append(n)
                notes = newnotes

                # apply maximum polyphony cutoff with priority for latest notes
                if len(notes) > MAXPOLY:
                    notes = notes[-MAXPOLY:]

        # increase amplitude loss of note when note_off event happens
        if msg.type == "note_off" and not SUSTAIN:
            for n in notes:
                if n[4] == msg.note:
                    n[3] = n[3] ** 6

    try:
        time.sleep(SLEEP)
    except:  # exception handler hides ugly backtrace when pressing Ctrl-C
        break

stream.close()
paud.terminate()
inport.close()