diff --git a/conan/tools/sbom/cyclonedx.py b/conan/tools/sbom/cyclonedx.py
index 06ddc649b04..8e2f4b17194 100644
--- a/conan/tools/sbom/cyclonedx.py
+++ b/conan/tools/sbom/cyclonedx.py
@@ -194,21 +194,28 @@ def cyclonedx_1_6(conanfile, name=None, add_build=False, add_tests=False, **kwar
     return sbom_cyclonedx_1_6
 
 
+def _is_expr(license_value):
+     v = license_value.upper()
+     return " AND " in v or " OR " in v or " WITH " in v
+
+
 def _calculate_licenses(component):
     from conan.tools.sbom.spdx_licenses import NORMALIZED_VALID_SPDX_LICENSES
-    licenses = component.conanfile.license
 
-    if isinstance(licenses, str):  # Just one license
-        field = "id" if licenses.lower() in NORMALIZED_VALID_SPDX_LICENSES else "name"
-        return [{"license": {field: licenses}}]
-
-    return [
-        # More than one license
-        {"license": {
-            "id" if lic.lower() in NORMALIZED_VALID_SPDX_LICENSES else "name": lic
-        }}
-        for lic in licenses
-    ]
+    licenses = component.conanfile.license
+    if isinstance(licenses, str):
+        licenses = [licenses]
+
+    result = []
+    for lic in licenses:
+        if lic.lower() in NORMALIZED_VALID_SPDX_LICENSES:
+            field = "id"
+        elif _is_expr(lic):
+            field = "expression"
+        else:
+            field = "name"
+        result.append({"license": {field: lic}})
+    return result
 
 
 def _calculate_bomref(component):
diff --git a/test/unittests/tools/sbom/test_spdx_expression.py b/test/unittests/tools/sbom/test_spdx_expression.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a22875c8637
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/unittests/tools/sbom/test_spdx_expression.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import pytest
+
+from conan.tools.sbom.cyclonedx import _calculate_licenses
+from conan.test.utils.mocks import ConanFileMock
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "license_value, expected",
+    [
+        ("MIT", "id"),
+        ("mit", "id"),
+        ("MIT OR Apache-2.0", "expression"),
+        ("( MIT AND ( MIT ) )", "expression"),
+        ("(MIT WITH (MIT))", "expression"),
+        ("custom license", "name"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_license_field(license_value, expected):
+    component = type("Component", (), {})()
+    component.conanfile = ConanFileMock()
+    component.conanfile.license = license_value
+    field = next(iter(_calculate_licenses(component)[0]["license"]))
+    assert field == expected