heritage.skill/knowledge_base_shadow_puppet.json at main · Rhi637/heritage.skill · GitHub

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{
  "craft": {
    "id": "craft_shadow_puppet",
    "name": "皮影戏",
    "category": "传统戏剧",
    "region": "陕西华县",
    "description": "皮影戏是一种以兽皮或纸板做成的人物剪影，在灯光照射下用隔亮布进行演戏，是中国民间广为流传的傀儡戏之一。"
  },
  "inheritor": {
    "id": "inheritor_wang",
    "name": "王景民",
    "age": 68,
    "region": "陕西华县",
    "years_of_experience": 50,
    "bio": "华县皮影戏国家级代表性传承人，祖上五代从事皮影戏。擅长皮影雕刻和操纵表演，代表剧目《闹天宫》《白蛇传》。",
    "speaking_style": "幽默风趣，喜欢用戏文典故，常说'皮影这东西，三分刻七分演'",
    "catchphrases": [
      "皮影这东西，三分刻七分演",
      "一口道尽千古事，双手对舞百万兵",
      "慢工出细活，刻皮子急不得",
      "好皮影得有灵气，不是刻得细就好看"
    ]
  },
  "knowledge_points": [
    {
      "id": "kp_001",
      "title": "皮影的选材与制皮工艺",
      "category": "基本技法",
      "difficulty": "beginner",
      "content": "传统皮影选用秦川黄牛皮，经过泡制、刮薄、磨平、撑平等工序。一张好牛皮要薄如蝉翼、透光均匀。刮皮是最关键的步骤，要用特制的刮刀反复刮几十遍，直到牛皮厚度均匀、半透明。",
      "source": "采访文本_01",
      "prerequisites": []
    },
    {
      "id": "kp_002",
      "title": "皮影雕刻的基本刀法",
      "category": "基本技法",
      "difficulty": "beginner",
      "content": "皮影雕刻有推刀、拉刀、顿刀、转刀四种基本刀法。推刀用于直线，拉刀用于弧线，顿刀用于转折处，转刀用于圆形。初学者从推刀练起，在废皮上反复练习直线和直角。",
      "source": "教学视频_02",
      "prerequisites": ["kp_001"]
    },
    {
      "id": "kp_003",
      "title": "皮影人物的结构与关节设计",
      "category": "核心技艺",
      "difficulty": "intermediate",
      "content": "一个完整的皮影人物由头茬、身段、两臂、两手、两腿共11个部件组成，用线连成关节。关节连接的松紧很关键——太紧动作僵硬，太松动作散架。一般在关节处打小结，留出活动余量。",
      "source": "采访文本_01",
      "prerequisites": ["kp_002"]
    },
    {
      "id": "kp_004",
      "title": "皮影的色彩搭配原则",
      "category": "核心技艺",
      "difficulty": "intermediate",
      "content": "皮影传统用色以红、绿、黑三色为主，黄为辅。红代表忠勇（如关公），绿代表奸诈，黑代表刚正。上色用矿物颜料，先上浅色再上深色，最后用透明漆罩面固色。",
      "source": "教学视频_03",
      "prerequisites": ["kp_002"]
    },
    {
      "id": "kp_005",
      "title": "皮影操纵的基本手法",
      "category": "表演技法",
      "difficulty": "intermediate",
      "content": "操纵皮影需要双手各持一根操纵杆。基本手法有'平举'（人物站立）、'弯腰'（人物鞠躬）、'甩袖'（人物激动）、'走步'（人物移动）。走步是最难的，要让皮影的步伐看起来自然流畅。",
      "source": "访谈对话_04",
      "prerequisites": ["kp_003"]
    },
    {
      "id": "kp_006",
      "title": "皮影戏的唱腔与念白",
      "category": "表演技法",
      "difficulty": "advanced",
      "content": "华县皮影戏的唱腔以碗碗腔为主，用小铜碗击节伴奏。唱腔分'欢音'和'苦音'两种调式——欢音明亮欢快，用于喜庆场景；苦音苍凉悲壮，用于悲剧场景。念白用陕西方言，讲究押韵和节奏。",
      "source": "采访文本_05",
      "prerequisites": ["kp_005"]
    },
    {
      "id": "kp_007",
      "title": "常见误区：皮影不是剪出来的",
      "category": "常见误区",
      "difficulty": "beginner",
      "content": "很多人以为皮影和剪纸一样是剪出来的，其实皮影是刻出来的。用刻刀在牛皮上雕刻出图案，这叫'镂刻'。剪纸是'阴刻阳刻'，皮影是'推刀拉刀'，手法完全不同。皮影的线条更精细，需要多年的功夫。",
      "source": "FAQ_整理",
      "prerequisites": []
    },
    {
      "id": "kp_008",
      "title": "皮影戏台的基本搭建",
      "category": "基本技法",
      "difficulty": "beginner",
      "content": "传统皮影戏台由亮子（白色幕布）、灯泡（光源）、操纵台三部分组成。亮子一般用白棉布，大小约1.2米×0.8米。灯泡放在亮子后方约0.5米处，光线要均匀照射整个幕布。操纵台在亮子后方，艺人站在台后操纵和演唱。",
      "source": "教学视频_01",
      "prerequisites": []
    }
  ],
  "qa_pairs": [
    {
      "id": "qa_001",
      "knowledge_point_ids": ["kp_001", "kp_007"],
      "question": "皮影是用什么材料做的？和剪纸有什么区别？",
      "answer": "皮影用的是牛皮，要经过泡制、刮薄、磨平好几道工序。跟剪纸最大的区别是——剪纸是剪的，皮影是刻的！用刻刀在牛皮上一刀一刀地镂刻出来，所以线条可以做得非常精细。你见过剪纸的锯齿纹吧？皮影比那还要细好几倍呢。",
      "difficulty": "beginner",
      "tags": ["基础认知", "材料工艺"]
    },
    {
      "id": "qa_002",
      "knowledge_point_ids": ["kp_003", "kp_005"],
      "question": "皮影人物是怎么动起来的？",
      "answer": "一个皮影人物由11个部件组成——头茬、身段、两臂、两手、两腿，用线连成关节。操纵的时候，双手各拿一根操纵杆，通过推拉转动让皮影做出各种动作。最难的是走步，要让皮影的腿看起来像真人在走路一样自然，这得练好几年才行。俗话说'三分刻七分演'，刻得再好不会演也白搭。",
      "difficulty": "intermediate",
      "tags": ["核心技艺", "表演技法"]
    },
    {
      "id": "qa_003",
      "knowledge_point_ids": ["kp_004", "kp_006"],
      "question": "皮影的颜色有什么讲究？",
      "answer": "皮影的颜色讲究可大了！传统上红、绿、黑三色为主，黄为辅。红色代表忠勇，你看关公的脸就是红的；绿色代表奸诈，曹操就是绿脸；黑色代表刚正，包公就是黑脸。上色也有讲究，先上浅色再上深色，最后用透明漆罩面。颜料用的是矿物颜料，颜色鲜艳持久，几十年都不褪色。",
      "difficulty": "intermediate",
      "tags": ["核心技艺", "色彩搭配"]
    }
  ],
  "error_patterns": [
    {
      "id": "err_001",
      "error": "用剪刀代替刻刀制作皮影",
      "consequence": "线条粗糙，无法做出精细的花纹和镂空效果",
      "correction": "必须使用专用刻刀，从推刀练起，在废皮上反复练习",
      "severity": "high",
      "related_knowledge_points": ["kp_002", "kp_007"]
    },
    {
      "id": "err_002",
      "error": "关节连接太紧或太松",
      "consequence": "太紧动作僵硬不自然，太松部件容易脱落",
      "correction": "在关节处打小结，留出适当的活动余量，反复调试",
      "severity": "medium",
      "related_knowledge_points": ["kp_003"]
    },
    {
      "id": "err_003",
      "error": "急于求成，想一次刻出完整作品",
      "consequence": "作品粗糙，容易刻断线条，浪费材料",
      "correction": "从最简单的直线推刀练起，慢工出细活，刻皮子急不得",
      "severity": "high",
      "related_knowledge_points": ["kp_002"]
    }
  ]
}