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Your claims that "quantum fluctuations that occur that later determine the laser's current [...] polarization during operation" and "each of these [pulses] have different [...] polarization properties" are surprising. DFB diodes normally have fixed polarization.
An unbalanced MZI made with regular telecom fiber has a different polarization shift in each arm depending on how the fiber is twisted and therefore the amplitude of the the interference signal annoyingly depends on the fiber geometry and temperature. You can fix this with either (1) polarization-maintaining fiber or (2) switching to an unbalanced Michelson interferometer with Faraday mirrors on each end (so the fiber-induced polarization fluctuations cancel out on the return path) and a circulator to separate the output interference signal from the input. Lasers with PM-aligned output and other PM components tend to be expensive so you probably want (2).