diff --git a/crates/asap-aware-mapping/src/lib.rs b/crates/asap-aware-mapping/src/lib.rs
index f9bf6910..b7a6322c 100644
--- a/crates/asap-aware-mapping/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/asap-aware-mapping/src/lib.rs
@@ -215,3 +215,9 @@ pub mod maintained_population;
 /// Local candidate generation over the unified IR. No execution timing is
 /// assigned: that is a Stage 2 materialization decision.
 pub mod logical_candidates;
+
+/// #509 Stage 2 MVP: physical operator implementation, all at query time.
+pub mod physical_candidates;
+
+/// #509 Stage 3 MVP: accuracy check, analytical pricing, cheapest valid plan.
+pub mod plan_selection;
diff --git a/crates/asap-aware-mapping/src/physical_candidates.rs b/crates/asap-aware-mapping/src/physical_candidates.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..494127d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/asap-aware-mapping/src/physical_candidates.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+//! #509 Stage 2 (MVP): physical operator implementation of one logical
+//! candidate. No materialization choice is made: every node runs at query
+//! time, so each logical candidate yields exactly one physical candidate.
+//!
+//! The runtime has one implementation per logical operator except exact
+//! top-k, which it cannot run as `Aggregate{[TopK]}`. Stage 2 records that
+//! choice in the DAG by rewriting it to a per-group sort followed by a
+//! per-group limit, the shape the PromQL frontend uses for generic `topk`.
+//! A summary needs no rewrite: `SummaryAgg` → `SummaryEstimate` already is
+//! build → estimate.
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use asap_types::ir::physical_export::{
+    compile_physical_asap_workload_with_node_ids, PhysicalASAPDAG,
+};
+use asap_types::ir::{
+    apply_materialization_timings, ASAPOp, MaterializationAssignment, NonASAPOp, Operator,
+    OperatorNode, ScalarExpr, SchemaDerivationError, SortKey, TimingMemo,
+};
+use asap_types::post_asap::ExecutionDataStateError;
+use asap_types::pre_asap::column_resolution::resolve_column_ref;
+use asap_types::pre_asap::expr_ir::ColumnRef;
+use asap_types::pre_asap::{AggIntent, Reduction};
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+/// One Stage 2 candidate, derived from exactly one Stage 1 candidate.
+/// `roots` are the timed operator roots (one per query, in workload order)
+/// that `dag` exports.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct PhysicalCandidate {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub from_logical: String,
+    pub label: String,
+    pub roots: Vec<Rc<OperatorNode>>,
+    pub dag: PhysicalASAPDAG,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum Stage2Error {
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Structure(#[from] SchemaDerivationError),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Timing(#[from] ExecutionDataStateError),
+    #[error("exact top-k has no sortable value column: {0}")]
+    NoValueColumn(String),
+    #[error("maintained populations run at ingestion time, which Stage 2 does not plan yet")]
+    IngestionTimeOnly,
+}
+
+/// Implement every operator of one logical candidate and time it at query
+/// time. `id` and `label` are left empty for the caller to name. Sharing
+/// between `roots` is preserved: one memo serves the whole workload.
+pub fn stage2_physical(
+    from_logical: &str,
+    roots: &[Rc<OperatorNode>],
+) -> Result<PhysicalCandidate, Stage2Error> {
+    let mut memo = HashMap::new();
+    let implemented = roots
+        .iter()
+        .map(|root| implement(root, &mut memo))
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+    reject_maintained_populations(&implemented)?;
+    // The default assignment computes every summary state at query time.
+    let assignment = MaterializationAssignment::default();
+    let mut timing = TimingMemo::new();
+    let timed = implemented
+        .iter()
+        .map(|root| apply_materialization_timings(root, &assignment, &mut timing))
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+    let dag = compile_physical_asap_workload_with_node_ids(&timed)?.dag;
+    Ok(PhysicalCandidate {
+        id: String::new(),
+        from_logical: from_logical.to_string(),
+        label: String::new(),
+        roots: timed,
+        dag,
+    })
+}
+
+/// A maintained population always runs at ingestion time, which Stage 2
+/// does not plan yet.
+fn reject_maintained_populations(roots: &[Rc<OperatorNode>]) -> Result<(), Stage2Error> {
+    let maintained = roots.iter().flat_map(OperatorNode::reachable).any(|node| {
+        matches!(
+            node.operator,
+            Operator::ASAP(ASAPOp::MaintainPopulation { .. })
+        )
+    });
+    if maintained {
+        return Err(Stage2Error::IngestionTimeOnly);
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+type Memo = HashMap<*const OperatorNode, Rc<OperatorNode>>;
+
+fn implement(node: &Rc<OperatorNode>, memo: &mut Memo) -> Result<Rc<OperatorNode>, Stage2Error> {
+    if let Some(done) = memo.get(&Rc::as_ptr(node)) {
+        return Ok(done.clone());
+    }
+    for child in node.children() {
+        implement(child, memo)?;
+    }
+    let implemented = match node.non_asap() {
+        Some(NonASAPOp::Aggregate {
+            reduction: Reduction::Reduce(keys),
+            measures,
+            filters,
+            having: None,
+            child,
+            ..
+        }) if filters.iter().all(Option::is_none) => match measures.as_slice() {
+            [AggIntent::TopK { k, .. }] => {
+                let child = memo[&Rc::as_ptr(child)].clone();
+                let value = resolve_column_ref(&ColumnRef::SampleValue, &child.schema)
+                    .map_err(|e| Stage2Error::NoValueColumn(e.to_string()))?;
+                let sorted = OperatorNode::new_shared(Operator::NonASAP(NonASAPOp::Sort {
+                    keys: vec![SortKey {
+                        expr: ScalarExpr::Column(value),
+                        ascending: false,
+                        nulls_first: false,
+                    }],
+                    partition_by: keys.clone(),
+                    child,
+                }))?;
+                OperatorNode::new_shared(Operator::NonASAP(NonASAPOp::Limit {
+                    n: Some(*k),
+                    offset: 0,
+                    partition_by: keys.clone(),
+                    child: sorted,
+                }))?
+            }
+            _ => rebuilt(node, memo)?,
+        },
+        _ => rebuilt(node, memo)?,
+    };
+    memo.insert(Rc::as_ptr(node), implemented.clone());
+    Ok(implemented)
+}
+
+/// `node` over its implemented children; the same `Rc` when none changed.
+fn rebuilt(node: &Rc<OperatorNode>, memo: &Memo) -> Result<Rc<OperatorNode>, Stage2Error> {
+    let changed = node
+        .children()
+        .iter()
+        .any(|child| !Rc::ptr_eq(child, &memo[&Rc::as_ptr(child)]));
+    Ok(if changed {
+        Rc::new(node.with_new_children(|child| memo[&Rc::as_ptr(child)].clone())?)
+    } else {
+        node.clone()
+    })
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::test_support::lower_promql;
+    use asap_types::ir::physical_export::PhysicalASAPNodeId;
+    use asap_types::ir::physical_export::PhysicalASAPOperatorPayload as Payload;
+    use asap_types::ir::QueryRoot;
+    use asap_types::post_asap::ExecutionTiming;
+    use asap_types::types::AccuracyTarget;
+
+    /// Exact `topk by (job)` becomes Limit(Sort) partitioned by `job`, and a
+    /// child shared by two roots stays one node (one `Rc`, one DAG node).
+    #[test]
+    fn exact_topk_becomes_sort_then_limit_and_keeps_shared_child() {
+        let exact = AccuracyTarget::Exact;
+        let topk = lower_promql("topk by (job) (10, sum_over_time(m[1m]))", exact.clone());
+        let sum = lower_promql("sum by (job) (sum_over_time(m[1m]))", exact);
+        // Share Q2's per-series child with Q1, as Stage 1 sharing would.
+        let NonASAPOp::Aggregate { child: shared, .. } = topk.expect_non_asap() else {
+            panic!("topk aggregate")
+        };
+        let sum = Rc::new(sum.with_new_children(|_| shared.clone()).unwrap());
+        let candidate = stage2_physical("L1", &[topk, sum]).unwrap();
+
+        let NonASAPOp::Limit {
+            n: Some(10),
+            partition_by,
+            child: sort,
+            ..
+        } = candidate.roots[0].expect_non_asap()
+        else {
+            panic!("limit root")
+        };
+        assert!(!partition_by.keys().is_empty());
+        let NonASAPOp::Sort {
+            child: below_sort,
+            partition_by: sort_partition,
+            ..
+        } = sort.expect_non_asap()
+        else {
+            panic!("sort below limit")
+        };
+        assert_eq!(sort_partition, partition_by);
+        let NonASAPOp::Aggregate {
+            child: below_sum, ..
+        } = candidate.roots[1].expect_non_asap()
+        else {
+            panic!("sum root")
+        };
+        assert!(Rc::ptr_eq(below_sort, below_sum));
+
+        let dag = &candidate.dag;
+        let kind = |id: PhysicalASAPNodeId| match &dag
+            .nodes
+            .iter()
+            .find(|n| n.id == id)
+            .unwrap()
+            .payload
+        {
+            Payload::NonASAP(NonASAPOp::Sort { .. }) => "sort",
+            Payload::NonASAP(NonASAPOp::Limit { .. }) => "limit",
+            _ => "other",
+        };
+        let sort_id = dag
+            .edges
+            .iter()
+            .find(|e| kind(e.producer) == "sort" && e.consumer == dag.roots[0])
+            .expect("sort -> limit edge")
+            .producer;
+        let producer_of = |consumer| {
+            dag.edges
+                .iter()
+                .find(|e| e.consumer == consumer)
+                .unwrap()
+                .producer
+        };
+        assert_eq!(producer_of(sort_id), producer_of(dag.roots[1]));
+    }
+
+    /// With summaries chosen, every node, the summary build included, runs at
+    /// query time.
+    #[test]
+    fn everything_runs_at_query_time() {
+        let root = lower_promql(
+            "topk by (job) (10, sum_over_time(m[1m]))",
+            AccuracyTarget::EpsilonDelta {
+                epsilon: 0.01,
+                delta: 0.001,
+            },
+        );
+        let inventory = crate::logical_candidates::enumerate_local_logical_candidates(vec![(
+            0,
+            QueryRoot::Operator(root),
+        )])
+        .unwrap();
+        // A summary (the last alternative) for every target.
+        let choice: Vec<_> = inventory
+            .targets
+            .iter()
+            .map(|t| t.alternatives.len() - 1)
+            .collect();
+        let roots: Vec<_> =
+            crate::logical_candidates::compose_logical_candidate(&inventory, &choice)
+                .unwrap()
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(_, root)| match root {
+                    QueryRoot::Operator(node) => node,
+                    QueryRoot::Scalar(_) => panic!("operator root"),
+                })
+                .collect();
+        let candidate = stage2_physical("L1", &roots).unwrap();
+        assert!(candidate
+            .dag
+            .nodes
+            .iter()
+            .any(|n| matches!(n.payload, Payload::ASAP(ASAPOp::SummaryAgg { .. }))));
+        assert!(candidate
+            .dag
+            .nodes
+            .iter()
+            .all(|n| n.output_state.timing == ExecutionTiming::QueryTime));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/asap-aware-mapping/src/plan_selection.rs b/crates/asap-aware-mapping/src/plan_selection.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf680e2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/asap-aware-mapping/src/plan_selection.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,659 @@
+//! #509 Stage 3 (MVP): plan selection, the only stage that computes cost.
+//!
+//! Each Stage 2 candidate is checked against every query's accuracy target
+//! with the accuracy model, and Count-Min is admitted only over weights proven
+//! non-negative; a miss rejects the candidate as invalid, with a reason.
+//! Every valid candidate is priced node by node over its physical DAG, so a
+//! node shared by several queries is charged once, and the cheapest is
+//! selected. The rest are reported valid but costlier.
+//!
+//! Prices come from [`crate::analytical_cost::estimate_operator`] over edge
+//! statistics derived from the [`DataWorkload`] and a fixed default group
+//! count; summary build and estimation are priced as rows × sketch depth and
+//! groups × k. These numbers are illustrative, not calibrated. Latency
+//! bounds and deployment capabilities are not checked yet.
+use asap_types::ir::NonASAPOp;
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
+
+use asap_types::ir::physical_export::{
+    PhysicalASAPDAG, PhysicalASAPNodeId, PhysicalASAPOperatorPayload as Payload,
+};
+use asap_types::ir::{ASAPOp, Operator, OperatorNode};
+use asap_types::post_asap::{
+    FieldDataType, SketchAlgorithm, SketchParams, SketchStatistic, WeightDomain,
+};
+use asap_types::pre_asap::{DataType, Reduction, Schema};
+use asap_types::types::AccuracyTarget;
+use asap_types::workload::DataWorkload;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use crate::analytical_cost::{
+    estimate_operator, AnalyticalCostError, PhysicalOperator, ResourceCalibration, ResourceEstimate,
+};
+use crate::physical_candidates::PhysicalCandidate;
+use crate::physical_operator_statistics::{
+    EdgeStatistics, OperatorStatistics, PartitionStatistics, UnaryEdgeStatistics,
+};
+use crate::PlanningModels;
+
+pub const COST_UNIT: &str = "cpu_ms_per_workload_evaluation";
+pub const COST_SOURCE: &str = "analytical-cost-v1 (illustrative statistics)";
+
+/// Groups assumed for every `by (...)` reduction, absent group-count evidence.
+const DEFAULT_GROUP_COUNT: u64 = 100;
+/// Used only when the data workload does not declare them.
+const DEFAULT_SERIES: u64 = 1_000;
+const DEFAULT_ROWS_PER_SECOND: f64 = 1_000.0;
+const DEFAULT_LOOKBACK_MS: u64 = 60_000;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct NodeCost {
+    pub cost: f64,
+    pub detail: String,
+}
+
+/// Whole-workload cost of one candidate: one entry per DAG node, `total` is
+/// their sum.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct CandidateCost {
+    pub total: f64,
+    pub unit: &'static str,
+    pub source: &'static str,
+    pub per_node: BTreeMap<PhysicalASAPNodeId, NodeCost>,
+}
+
+/// A candidate that was not selected. `valid == false`: it failed a check;
+/// `true`: it lost on cost.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Rejection {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub valid: bool,
+    pub reason: String,
+}
+
+/// Costs are present for valid candidates only.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Selection {
+    pub selected: String,
+    pub costs: BTreeMap<String, CandidateCost>,
+    pub rejected: Vec<Rejection>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum SelectionError {
+    #[error("candidate {candidate} has {roots} roots but {targets} accuracy targets were given")]
+    TargetCount {
+        candidate: String,
+        roots: usize,
+        targets: usize,
+    },
+    #[error("candidate {candidate}, node {node:?}: {error}")]
+    Cost {
+        candidate: String,
+        node: PhysicalASAPNodeId,
+        error: AnalyticalCostError,
+    },
+    #[error("no valid candidate: {0:?}")]
+    NoValidCandidate(Vec<Rejection>),
+}
+
+/// Reject candidates that miss a query's accuracy target, price the rest and
+/// select the cheapest (the first on ties). `targets[i]` is the requirement
+/// of `candidate.roots[i]`; `None` imposes none.
+pub fn stage3_select(
+    cands: &[PhysicalCandidate],
+    targets: &[Option<AccuracyTarget>],
+    data: &DataWorkload,
+    models: PlanningModels<'_>,
+) -> Result<Selection, SelectionError> {
+    let mut costs = BTreeMap::new();
+    let mut rejected = Vec::new();
+    let mut best: Option<(&str, f64)> = None;
+    for candidate in cands {
+        if candidate.roots.len() != targets.len() {
+            return Err(SelectionError::TargetCount {
+                candidate: candidate.id.clone(),
+                roots: candidate.roots.len(),
+                targets: targets.len(),
+            });
+        }
+        if let Some(reason) = accuracy_violation(candidate, targets, &models) {
+            rejected.push(Rejection {
+                id: candidate.id.clone(),
+                valid: false,
+                reason,
+            });
+            continue;
+        }
+        let cost = price(&candidate.dag, data).map_err(|(node, error)| SelectionError::Cost {
+            candidate: candidate.id.clone(),
+            node,
+            error,
+        })?;
+        if best.is_none_or(|(_, total)| cost.total < total) {
+            best = Some((&candidate.id, cost.total));
+        }
+        costs.insert(candidate.id.clone(), cost);
+    }
+    let Some((selected, best_total)) = best else {
+        return Err(SelectionError::NoValidCandidate(rejected));
+    };
+    for candidate in cands {
+        if candidate.id != selected && costs.contains_key(&candidate.id) {
+            rejected.push(Rejection {
+                id: candidate.id.clone(),
+                valid: true,
+                reason: format!(
+                    "costlier: {:.3} vs {:.3} {COST_UNIT}",
+                    costs[&candidate.id].total, best_total
+                ),
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(Selection {
+        selected: selected.to_string(),
+        costs,
+        rejected,
+    })
+}
+
+/// The first summary estimate that misses its query's target, as a reason.
+fn accuracy_violation(
+    candidate: &PhysicalCandidate,
+    targets: &[Option<AccuracyTarget>],
+    models: &PlanningModels<'_>,
+) -> Option<String> {
+    for (query, (root, target)) in candidate.roots.iter().zip(targets).enumerate() {
+        let Some(target) = target else { continue };
+        for node in OperatorNode::reachable(root) {
+            let Operator::ASAP(ASAPOp::SummaryEstimate {
+                summary_input,
+                query: statistic,
+            }) = &node.operator
+            else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            let Operator::ASAP(ASAPOp::SummaryAgg { family, input, .. }) = &summary_input.operator
+            else {
+                return Some(format!("q{}: estimate over a non-summary input", query + 1));
+            };
+            let name = family_name(family);
+            // Count-Min's one-sided error bound assumes no negative updates.
+            if matches!(family, FieldDataType::Sketch(kind, _)
+                    if matches!(kind.algorithm(), SketchAlgorithm::Cms | SketchAlgorithm::CmsWithHeap))
+                && !matches!(input.weight_domain, WeightDomain::NonNegative { .. })
+            {
+                return Some(format!(
+                    "q{}: {name} needs non-negative update weights, and these are not proven \
+                     non-negative",
+                    query + 1
+                ));
+            }
+            let Some(guarantee) = models.accuracy.local_guarantee(family, statistic) else {
+                return Some(format!(
+                    "q{}: no accuracy model for {name}; target {target:?}",
+                    query + 1
+                ));
+            };
+            if !models.accuracy.satisfies(&guarantee, target) {
+                return Some(format!(
+                    "q{}: {name} guarantees bound {:?}, failure probability {:?}, which misses \
+                     target {target:?} (analytical guarantee; no accuracy evidence)",
+                    query + 1,
+                    guarantee.bound.evaluate(),
+                    guarantee.failure_probability.evaluate(),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+fn family_name(family: &FieldDataType) -> String {
+    match family {
+        FieldDataType::Sketch(kind, _) => format!("{:?}", kind.algorithm()),
+        FieldDataType::ExactAggregate(kind, _) => format!("exact {kind:?} accumulator"),
+        other => format!("{other:?}"),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Statistics the analytical model needs, derived once per workload.
+struct Shape {
+    series: u64,
+    rows_per_ms: f64,
+}
+
+/// Price every node of `dag` once. Nodes are exported children first, so
+/// each node's input statistics are known when it is reached.
+fn price(
+    dag: &PhysicalASAPDAG,
+    data: &DataWorkload,
+) -> Result<CandidateCost, (PhysicalASAPNodeId, AnalyticalCostError)> {
+    let series = data
+        .input_cardinality
+        .value
+        .unwrap_or(DEFAULT_SERIES)
+        .max(1);
+    let shape = Shape {
+        series,
+        rows_per_ms: data
+            .ingestion_rate
+            .value
+            .map_or(DEFAULT_ROWS_PER_SECOND, |rate| rate.0)
+            / 1_000.0,
+    };
+    let calibration = ResourceCalibration {
+        cost_per_cpu_op: 1e-6,
+        cost_per_scan_byte: 1e-7,
+        cost_per_retained_byte: 0.0,
+        version: "illustrative-v1".into(),
+    };
+    let nodes: HashMap<_, _> = dag.nodes.iter().map(|n| (n.id, n)).collect();
+    let mut output: HashMap<PhysicalASAPNodeId, EdgeStatistics> = HashMap::new();
+    let mut per_node = BTreeMap::new();
+    for node in &dag.nodes {
+        let inputs: Vec<_> = dag
+            .edges
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|e| e.consumer == node.id)
+            .map(|e| output[&e.producer])
+            .collect();
+        let input = inputs
+            .first()
+            .copied()
+            .unwrap_or(EdgeStatistics { rows: 1, bytes: 1 });
+        let width = row_bytes(&node.output_schema);
+        let edge = |rows: u64| EdgeStatistics {
+            rows,
+            bytes: rows * width,
+        };
+        let unary = |output| UnaryEdgeStatistics {
+            input,
+            output,
+            promql: None,
+        };
+        let groups = |reduction: &Reduction| {
+            match reduction {
+                Reduction::Reduce(keys) if keys.keys().is_empty() && !keys.is_without() => 1,
+                Reduction::Reduce(keys) if !keys.is_without() => DEFAULT_GROUP_COUNT,
+                _ => shape.series,
+            }
+            .min(input.rows.max(1))
+        };
+        let (out, estimate, detail) = match &node.payload {
+            Payload::NonASAP(operator) => match operator {
+                NonASAPOp::Scan { .. } => {
+                    // A scan reads what its time range keeps.
+                    let lookback = dag
+                        .edges
+                        .iter()
+                        .filter(|e| e.producer == node.id)
+                        .filter_map(|e| match &nodes[&e.consumer].payload {
+                            Payload::NonASAP(NonASAPOp::TimeRange { range, .. }) => {
+                                Some(range.as_millis() as u64)
+                            }
+                            _ => None,
+                        })
+                        .max()
+                        .unwrap_or(DEFAULT_LOOKBACK_MS);
+                    let out = edge(((shape.rows_per_ms * lookback as f64).round() as u64).max(1));
+                    let estimate = estimate_operator(
+                        PhysicalOperator::Scan,
+                        OperatorStatistics::Scan {
+                            edges: UnaryEdgeStatistics {
+                                input: out,
+                                output: out,
+                                promql: None,
+                            },
+                            source_read_bytes: out.bytes,
+                        },
+                    );
+                    (out, estimate, format!("scan {} samples", out.rows))
+                }
+                NonASAPOp::Aggregate {
+                    reduction,
+                    measures,
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    let group_count = groups(reduction);
+                    let keys = match reduction {
+                        Reduction::Reduce(keys) => keys.keys().len() as u64,
+                        _ => 1,
+                    };
+                    let out = edge(group_count);
+                    let estimate = estimate_operator(
+                        PhysicalOperator::HashAggregate {
+                            grouping_key_count: keys,
+                            accumulator_count: measures.len().max(1) as u64,
+                        },
+                        OperatorStatistics::HashAggregate {
+                            edges: unary(out),
+                            group_count,
+                            key_bytes: 16 * keys,
+                            accumulator_bytes_per_group: 8,
+                        },
+                    );
+                    (
+                        out,
+                        estimate,
+                        format!(
+                            "hash aggregate {} rows into {group_count} groups",
+                            input.rows
+                        ),
+                    )
+                }
+                NonASAPOp::Sort {
+                    keys, partition_by, ..
+                } => {
+                    let partitions = if partition_by.keys().is_empty() {
+                        1
+                    } else {
+                        DEFAULT_GROUP_COUNT.min(input.rows.max(1))
+                    };
+                    let estimate = estimate_operator(
+                        PhysicalOperator::InMemoryComparisonSort {
+                            ordering_key_count: keys.len() as u64,
+                            partitioned: partitions > 1,
+                        },
+                        OperatorStatistics::InMemoryComparisonSort {
+                            edges: unary(input),
+                            input_partitioning: split(input, partitions),
+                        },
+                    );
+                    (
+                        input,
+                        estimate,
+                        format!("sort {} rows in {partitions} partitions", input.rows),
+                    )
+                }
+                NonASAPOp::Limit {
+                    n,
+                    offset,
+                    partition_by,
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    let partitions = if partition_by.keys().is_empty() {
+                        1
+                    } else {
+                        DEFAULT_GROUP_COUNT
+                    };
+                    let limit = n.map_or(u64::MAX, |n| (n as u64).saturating_mul(partitions));
+                    let offset = (*offset as u64).saturating_mul(partitions);
+                    let out = edge(input.rows.saturating_sub(offset).min(limit));
+                    let estimate = estimate_operator(
+                        PhysicalOperator::Limit { limit, offset },
+                        OperatorStatistics::Limit { edges: unary(out) },
+                    );
+                    (out, estimate, format!("limit to {} rows", out.rows))
+                }
+                other => {
+                    let estimate = estimate_operator(
+                        PhysicalOperator::PassThrough,
+                        OperatorStatistics::PassThrough {
+                            edges: unary(input),
+                        },
+                    );
+                    let name = match other {
+                        NonASAPOp::TimeRange { range, .. } => format!("time range {range:?}"),
+                        _ => "operator".into(),
+                    };
+                    (input, estimate, format!("{name}: pass {} rows", input.rows))
+                }
+            },
+            Payload::ASAP(ASAPOp::SummaryAgg {
+                family, reduction, ..
+            }) => {
+                let group_count = groups(reduction);
+                let (depth, state_bytes) = summary_shape(family);
+                let out = EdgeStatistics {
+                    rows: group_count,
+                    bytes: group_count * state_bytes,
+                };
+                let ops = input.rows as f64 * depth as f64;
+                (
+                    out,
+                    Ok(ResourceEstimate::new(ops, out.bytes, 0)),
+                    format!(
+                        "build {} into {group_count} states: {} rows x depth {depth}",
+                        family_name(family),
+                        input.rows
+                    ),
+                )
+            }
+            Payload::ASAP(ASAPOp::SummaryEstimate { query, .. }) => {
+                let per_group = match query {
+                    SketchStatistic::TopK { k } => *k as u64,
+                    _ => 1,
+                };
+                let out = edge(input.rows * per_group);
+                (
+                    out,
+                    Ok(ResourceEstimate::new(out.rows as f64, 0, 0)),
+                    format!("estimate {} groups x {per_group}", input.rows),
+                )
+            }
+            Payload::ASAP(ASAPOp::FinalizeExactAccumulator { .. }) => (
+                edge(input.rows),
+                Ok(ResourceEstimate::new(input.rows as f64, 0, 0)),
+                format!("finalize {} accumulators", input.rows),
+            ),
+            _ => (
+                edge(input.rows),
+                Ok(ResourceEstimate::new(input.rows as f64, 0, 0)),
+                format!("{} rows", input.rows),
+            ),
+        };
+        let cost = estimate
+            .and_then(|estimate| estimate.calibrated_cost(&calibration))
+            .map_err(|error| (node.id, error))?;
+        output.insert(node.id, out);
+        per_node.insert(node.id, NodeCost { cost, detail });
+    }
+    Ok(CandidateCost {
+        total: per_node.values().map(|n| n.cost).sum(),
+        unit: COST_UNIT,
+        source: COST_SOURCE,
+        per_node,
+    })
+}
+
+/// `input` split as evenly as integers allow into `partitions` parts.
+fn split(input: EdgeStatistics, partitions: u64) -> PartitionStatistics {
+    let part = |total: u64, i: u64| total / partitions + u64::from(i < total % partitions);
+    PartitionStatistics {
+        partitions: (0..partitions)
+            .map(|i| EdgeStatistics {
+                rows: part(input.rows, i),
+                bytes: part(input.bytes, i),
+            })
+            .collect(),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Plain values are 8 bytes, strings 16; summary columns are sized apart.
+fn row_bytes(schema: &Schema) -> u64 {
+    schema
+        .fields
+        .iter()
+        .map(|f| match &f.dtype {
+            FieldDataType::Plain(DataType::Utf8) => 16,
+            _ => 8,
+        })
+        .sum::<u64>()
+        .max(1)
+}
+
+/// Update operations per input row and bytes per state.
+fn summary_shape(family: &FieldDataType) -> (u64, u64) {
+    match family {
+        FieldDataType::Sketch(kind, _) => match kind.params() {
+            SketchParams::Cms { width, depth } | SketchParams::CountSketch { width, depth } => {
+                (u64::from(*depth), 8 * u64::from(*width) * u64::from(*depth))
+            }
+            SketchParams::CmsWithHeap {
+                width,
+                depth,
+                heap_size,
+            }
+            | SketchParams::CountSketchWithHeap {
+                width,
+                depth,
+                heap_size,
+            } => (
+                u64::from(*depth) + 1,
+                8 * u64::from(*width) * u64::from(*depth) + 24 * u64::from(*heap_size),
+            ),
+            _ => (1, 1_024),
+        },
+        _ => (1, 8),
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::physical_candidates::stage2_physical;
+    use crate::test_support::lower_promql;
+    use asap_types::ir::QueryRoot;
+    use asap_types::workload::{Evidence, Rate};
+
+    fn data() -> DataWorkload {
+        DataWorkload {
+            ingestion_rate: Evidence {
+                value: Some(Rate(10_000.0)),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            input_cardinality: Evidence {
+                value: Some(10_000),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Exact (P1), CMS+heap (P2) and CountSketch+heap (P3) realizations of
+    /// one approximate top-k query, in Pass 1 catalog order.
+    fn candidates() -> Vec<PhysicalCandidate> {
+        let root = lower_promql(
+            "topk by (job) (10, sum_over_time(m[1m]))",
+            AccuracyTarget::EpsilonDelta {
+                epsilon: 0.01,
+                delta: 0.001,
+            },
+        );
+        let inventory = crate::logical_candidates::enumerate_local_logical_candidates(vec![(
+            0,
+            QueryRoot::Operator(root),
+        )])
+        .unwrap();
+        let topk = inventory
+            .targets
+            .iter()
+            .position(|t| t.alternatives.len() > 2)
+            .unwrap();
+        [0, 1, 2]
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|alternative| {
+                let mut choice = vec![0; inventory.targets.len()];
+                choice[topk] = alternative;
+                let roots: Vec<_> =
+                    crate::logical_candidates::compose_logical_candidate(&inventory, &choice)
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .map(|(_, root)| match root {
+                            QueryRoot::Operator(node) => node,
+                            QueryRoot::Scalar(_) => panic!("operator root"),
+                        })
+                        .collect();
+                let mut candidate = stage2_physical("L", &roots).unwrap();
+                candidate.id = format!("P{}", alternative + 1);
+                candidate
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    /// A summary whose analytical guarantee misses the target is rejected as
+    /// invalid with a reason; the exact plan is then selected.
+    #[test]
+    fn accuracy_failing_candidate_is_rejected_as_invalid() {
+        let candidates = candidates();
+        let strict = AccuracyTarget::EpsilonDelta {
+            epsilon: 1e-6,
+            delta: 1e-9,
+        };
+        let selection = stage3_select(
+            &candidates,
+            &[Some(strict)],
+            &data(),
+            PlanningModels::builtin(),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(selection.selected, "P1");
+        let rejected: BTreeMap<_, _> = selection
+            .rejected
+            .iter()
+            .map(|r| (r.id.as_str(), r))
+            .collect();
+        assert_eq!(rejected.len(), 2);
+        assert!(!rejected["P3"].valid);
+        assert!(
+            rejected["P3"].reason.contains("misses target"),
+            "{}",
+            rejected["P3"].reason
+        );
+        assert!(!selection.costs.contains_key("P3"));
+    }
+
+    /// Count-Min over weights not proven non-negative is invalid whatever
+    /// the target.
+    #[test]
+    fn count_min_over_signed_weights_is_rejected_as_invalid() {
+        let target = AccuracyTarget::EpsilonDelta {
+            epsilon: 0.01,
+            delta: 0.001,
+        };
+        let selection = stage3_select(
+            &candidates(),
+            &[Some(target)],
+            &data(),
+            PlanningModels::builtin(),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let p2 = selection.rejected.iter().find(|r| r.id == "P2").unwrap();
+        assert!(!p2.valid);
+        assert!(p2.reason.contains("non-negative"), "{}", p2.reason);
+    }
+
+    /// Each node is priced once, under its DAG id, and the total is the sum;
+    /// every candidate is either selected or rejected as costlier.
+    #[test]
+    fn per_node_costs_cover_the_dag_and_sum_to_the_total() {
+        let candidates = candidates();
+        let target = AccuracyTarget::EpsilonDelta {
+            epsilon: 0.01,
+            delta: 0.001,
+        };
+        let selection = stage3_select(
+            &candidates,
+            &[Some(target)],
+            &data(),
+            PlanningModels::builtin(),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        for candidate in candidates.iter().filter(|c| c.id != "P2") {
+            let cost = &selection.costs[&candidate.id];
+            let ids: Vec<_> = candidate.dag.nodes.iter().map(|n| n.id).collect();
+            let mut keys: Vec<_> = cost.per_node.keys().copied().collect();
+            keys.sort();
+            let mut sorted = ids.clone();
+            sorted.sort();
+            assert_eq!(keys, sorted);
+            let sum: f64 = cost.per_node.values().map(|n| n.cost).sum();
+            assert_eq!(cost.total, sum);
+            assert!(cost.total > 0.0);
+        }
+        let costlier: Vec<_> = selection.rejected.iter().filter(|r| r.valid).collect();
+        assert_eq!(costlier.len(), 1);
+        assert_ne!(costlier[0].id, selection.selected);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/devtools/src/bin/stage_pipeline.rs b/crates/devtools/src/bin/stage_pipeline.rs
index 7ed70e4b..6f6d9d10 100644
--- a/crates/devtools/src/bin/stage_pipeline.rs
+++ b/crates/devtools/src/bin/stage_pipeline.rs
@@ -4,12 +4,15 @@
 //     --promql "topk by (job) (10, rate(x[1m]))" --epsilon 0.01 --delta 0.001 --out run.json
 //
 // Writes an `asap-stage-pipeline/v1` document (tools/dag-viewer) with the
-// first two planner stages only:
+// four planner stages (#509 MVP):
 //   - stage0_logical: the frontends' workload DAG, one root per query;
 //   - stage1_logical_asap: Pass 1 workload candidates, one per choice of a
 //     local alternative for every target (the Cartesian product), in
-//     enumeration order and capped by `--max-candidates` (default 64).
-// Stages 2 and 3, and therefore cost, are absent.
+//     enumeration order and capped by `--max-candidates` (default 64);
+//   - stage2_physical_asap: one physical candidate per logical candidate
+//     (operator implementation only, everything at query time), no cost;
+//   - stage3_selection: per-candidate costs, the selected candidate, and
+//     every other candidate as rejected (`valid: false`) or costlier.
 //
 // `--promql` may repeat. `--epsilon`/`--delta` apply to every `--promql`
 // query; without them the queries are exact. `--interval-ms` is the source
@@ -20,8 +23,11 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 use asap_aware_mapping::logical_candidates::{
     compose_logical_candidate, enumerate_local_logical_candidates, LocalLogicalCandidates,
 };
-use asap_aware_mapping::Realization;
+use asap_aware_mapping::physical_candidates::stage2_physical;
+use asap_aware_mapping::plan_selection::{stage3_select, Selection};
+use asap_aware_mapping::{PlanningModels, Realization};
 use asap_types::ir::flat::{flatten, FlatDag};
+use asap_types::ir::schema_support::with_promql_series_identity;
 use asap_types::ir::{OperatorNode, QueryRoot};
 use asap_types::post_asap::SketchAlgorithm;
 use asap_types::types::AccuracyTarget;
@@ -85,8 +91,18 @@ fn run(args: Vec<String>) -> Result<(), String> {
 }
 
 fn stage_pipeline(workload: &PlanningWorkload, max_candidates: usize) -> Result<Value, String> {
+    // PromQL rows carry each series' full identity as a column: the row
+    // representation per-series state needs at runtime.
     let roots = asap_frontend_promql::lower_promql_query_workload(workload, 0)
-        .map_err(|e| format!("lowering: {e}"))?;
+        .map_err(|e| format!("lowering: {e}"))?
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|root| match root {
+            QueryRoot::Operator(node) => with_promql_series_identity(&node)
+                .map(QueryRoot::Operator)
+                .map_err(|e| format!("series identity: {e}")),
+            scalar => Ok(scalar),
+        })
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
     let stage0 = export(&roots)?;
     let inventory = enumerate_local_logical_candidates(roots.into_iter().enumerate().collect())
         .map_err(|e| format!("Pass 1: {e}"))?;
@@ -97,16 +113,29 @@ fn stage_pipeline(workload: &PlanningWorkload, max_candidates: usize) -> Result<
         .product::<usize>();
     let owners = target_owners(&inventory);
     let mut candidates = Vec::new();
+    let mut physical = Vec::new();
     let mut choice = vec![0; inventory.targets.len()];
     for index in 0..combinations.min(max_candidates) {
         let roots = compose_logical_candidate(&inventory, &choice)
             .map_err(|e| format!("candidate {choice:?}: {e}"))?;
         let roots: Vec<_> = roots.into_iter().map(|(_, root)| root).collect();
-        candidates.push(json!({
-            "id": format!("L{}", index + 1),
-            "label": label(&inventory, &owners, &choice),
-            "dag": export(&roots)?,
-        }));
+        let (id, label) = (
+            format!("L{}", index + 1),
+            label(&inventory, &owners, &choice),
+        );
+        candidates.push(json!({ "id": id, "label": label, "dag": export(&roots)? }));
+        let operators = roots
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|root| match root {
+                QueryRoot::Operator(node) => Ok(node),
+                QueryRoot::Scalar(_) => Err("Stage 2: scalar query roots are not physical yet"),
+            })
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+        let mut candidate =
+            stage2_physical(&id, &operators).map_err(|e| format!("Stage 2 {id}: {e}"))?;
+        candidate.id = format!("P{}", index + 1);
+        candidate.label = label;
+        physical.push(candidate);
         // Mixed-radix increment: the last target varies fastest.
         for (digit, target) in choice.iter_mut().zip(&inventory.targets).rev() {
             *digit += 1;
@@ -116,6 +145,18 @@ fn stage_pipeline(workload: &PlanningWorkload, max_candidates: usize) -> Result<
             *digit = 0;
         }
     }
+    let targets: Vec<_> = workload
+        .query_workload
+        .entries()
+        .map(|entry| Some(entry.requirements.accuracy.target()))
+        .collect();
+    let data = workload.data_workload.clone().unwrap_or_default();
+    let selection = stage3_select(&physical, &targets, &data, PlanningModels::builtin())
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Stage 3: {e}"))?;
+    let stage2: Vec<_> = physical
+        .iter()
+        .map(|p| json!({ "id": p.id, "from_logical": p.from_logical, "label": p.label, "dag": p.dag }))
+        .collect();
     Ok(json!({
         "format": "asap-stage-pipeline/v1",
         "workload": { "queries": workload_queries(workload) },
@@ -125,9 +166,40 @@ fn stage_pipeline(workload: &PlanningWorkload, max_candidates: usize) -> Result<
             "capped": combinations > max_candidates,
             "candidates": candidates,
         },
+        "stage2_physical_asap": { "candidates": stage2 },
+        "stage3_selection": stage3_json(&selection),
     }))
 }
 
+fn stage3_json(selection: &Selection) -> Value {
+    let costs: serde_json::Map<_, _> = selection
+        .costs
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(id, cost)| {
+            let per_node: serde_json::Map<_, _> = cost
+                .per_node
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(node, c)| {
+                    (
+                        node.to_string(),
+                        json!({ "cost": c.cost, "detail": c.detail }),
+                    )
+                })
+                .collect();
+            (
+                id.clone(),
+                json!({ "total": cost.total, "unit": cost.unit, "source": cost.source, "per_node": per_node }),
+            )
+        })
+        .collect();
+    let rejected: Vec<_> = selection
+        .rejected
+        .iter()
+        .map(|r| json!({ "id": r.id, "valid": r.valid, "reason": r.reason }))
+        .collect();
+    json!({ "costs": costs, "selected": selection.selected, "rejected": rejected })
+}
+
 /// A logical DAG as a flat node list: node `i` is `nodes[i]`, and children are
 /// node indices inside each operator.
 fn export(roots: &[QueryRoot]) -> Result<FlatDag, String> {
diff --git a/crates/devtools/tests/stage_pipeline.rs b/crates/devtools/tests/stage_pipeline.rs
index 51f237f3..cd2593ba 100644
--- a/crates/devtools/tests/stage_pipeline.rs
+++ b/crates/devtools/tests/stage_pipeline.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-//! `stage_pipeline` writes a valid Stage 0/1 viewer document for #509 Example 1.
+//! `stage_pipeline` writes a valid four-stage viewer document for #509 Example 1.
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::process::Command;
 
 use asap_types::ir::flat::FlatDag;
+use asap_types::ir::physical_export::{PhysicalASAPDAG, PhysicalASAPDAGDocument};
 use asap_types::ir::QueryRoot;
 use serde_json::Value;
 
@@ -45,8 +46,11 @@ fn validated_dag(value: &Value, queries: usize) {
     }
 }
 
-/// Every DAG is a well-formed flat DAG with one root per query; ids are unique;
-/// only Stages 0 and 1 are present; the committed fixture is current.
+/// Every logical DAG is a well-formed flat DAG and every physical DAG validates;
+/// each has one root per query; ids are unique;
+/// Stage 2 maps Stage 1 one-to-one with no cost; Stage 3 accounts for every
+/// Stage 2 candidate once and costs exactly the valid ones; the committed
+/// fixture is current.
 #[test]
 fn example1_document_is_valid_and_committed_fixture_is_current() {
     let document = generate(&[]);
@@ -60,8 +64,6 @@ fn example1_document_is_valid_and_committed_fixture_is_current() {
     assert_eq!(document["format"], "asap-stage-pipeline/v1");
     let queries = document["workload"]["queries"].as_array().unwrap().len();
     assert_eq!(queries, 2);
-    assert!(document.get("stage2_physical_asap").is_none());
-    assert!(document.get("stage3_selection").is_none());
     validated_dag(&document["stage0_logical"]["dag"], queries);
 
     let stage1 = &document["stage1_logical_asap"];
@@ -73,6 +75,39 @@ fn example1_document_is_valid_and_committed_fixture_is_current() {
         assert!(ids.insert(candidate["id"].as_str().unwrap()));
         validated_dag(&candidate["dag"], queries);
     }
+
+    let physical = document["stage2_physical_asap"]["candidates"]
+        .as_array()
+        .unwrap();
+    let sources: HashSet<_> = physical
+        .iter()
+        .map(|p| p["from_logical"].as_str().unwrap())
+        .collect();
+    assert_eq!(physical.len(), candidates.len());
+    assert_eq!(sources, ids);
+    for candidate in physical {
+        assert!(candidate.get("cost").is_none(), "Stage 2 has no cost");
+        let dag: PhysicalASAPDAG = serde_json::from_value(candidate["dag"].clone()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(dag.roots.len(), queries);
+        PhysicalASAPDAGDocument::new(dag).validate().unwrap();
+    }
+
+    let stage3 = &document["stage3_selection"];
+    let costs = stage3["costs"].as_object().unwrap();
+    let selected = stage3["selected"].as_str().unwrap();
+    let mut accounted = HashSet::from([selected]);
+    for rejection in stage3["rejected"].as_array().unwrap() {
+        let id = rejection["id"].as_str().unwrap();
+        assert!(accounted.insert(id), "{id} accounted for once");
+        assert!(!rejection["reason"].as_str().unwrap().is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(
+            rejection["valid"].as_bool().unwrap(),
+            costs.contains_key(id)
+        );
+    }
+    assert!(costs.contains_key(selected));
+    let all: HashSet<_> = physical.iter().map(|p| p["id"].as_str().unwrap()).collect();
+    assert_eq!(accounted, all);
 }
 
 /// The Cartesian product is cut at `--max-candidates` and says so.
diff --git a/tools/dag-viewer/examples/planner-layering-example1.json b/tools/dag-viewer/examples/planner-layering-example1.json
index e5b1febe..ae9ba1d7 100644
--- a/tools/dag-viewer/examples/planner-layering-example1.json
+++ b/tools/dag-viewer/examples/planner-layering-example1.json
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
               "Scan": {
                 "predicates": [],
                 "schema": {
-                  "closed": false,
+                  "closed": true,
                   "fields": [
                     {
                       "dtype": {
@@ -35,6 +35,14 @@
                       "name": "job",
                       "nullable": true,
                       "table": null
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "dtype": {
+                        "Plain": "utf8"
+                      },
+                      "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                      "nullable": false,
+                      "table": null
                     }
                   ],
                   "time_index": 0,
@@ -50,7 +58,7 @@
           },
           "result_kind": "instant_vector",
           "schema": {
-            "closed": false,
+            "closed": true,
             "fields": [
               {
                 "dtype": {
@@ -75,6 +83,14 @@
                 "name": "job",
                 "nullable": true,
                 "table": null
+              },
+              {
+                "dtype": {
+                  "Plain": "utf8"
+                },
+                "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                "nullable": false,
+                "table": null
               }
             ],
             "time_index": 0,
@@ -98,7 +114,7 @@
           },
           "result_kind": "range_vector",
           "schema": {
-            "closed": false,
+            "closed": true,
             "fields": [
               {
                 "dtype": {
@@ -123,6 +139,14 @@
                 "name": "job",
                 "nullable": true,
                 "table": null
+              },
+              {
+                "dtype": {
+                  "Plain": "utf8"
+                },
+                "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                "nullable": false,
+                "table": null
               }
             ],
             "time_index": 0,
@@ -152,7 +176,7 @@
           },
           "result_kind": "instant_vector",
           "schema": {
-            "closed": false,
+            "closed": true,
             "fields": [
               {
                 "dtype": {
@@ -177,6 +201,14 @@
                 "name": "job",
                 "nullable": true,
                 "table": null
+              },
+              {
+                "dtype": {
+                  "Plain": "utf8"
+                },
+                "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                "nullable": false,
+                "table": null
               }
             ],
             "time_index": 0,
@@ -246,7 +278,7 @@
               "Scan": {
                 "predicates": [],
                 "schema": {
-                  "closed": false,
+                  "closed": true,
                   "fields": [
                     {
                       "dtype": {
@@ -271,6 +303,14 @@
                       "name": "job",
                       "nullable": true,
                       "table": null
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "dtype": {
+                        "Plain": "utf8"
+                      },
+                      "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                      "nullable": false,
+                      "table": null
                     }
                   ],
                   "time_index": 0,
@@ -286,7 +326,7 @@
           },
           "result_kind": "instant_vector",
           "schema": {
-            "closed": false,
+            "closed": true,
             "fields": [
               {
                 "dtype": {
@@ -311,6 +351,14 @@
                 "name": "job",
                 "nullable": true,
                 "table": null
+              },
+              {
+                "dtype": {
+                  "Plain": "utf8"
+                },
+                "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                "nullable": false,
+                "table": null
               }
             ],
             "time_index": 0,
@@ -334,7 +382,7 @@
           },
           "result_kind": "range_vector",
           "schema": {
-            "closed": false,
+            "closed": true,
             "fields": [
               {
                 "dtype": {
@@ -359,6 +407,14 @@
                 "name": "job",
                 "nullable": true,
                 "table": null
+              },
+              {
+                "dtype": {
+                  "Plain": "utf8"
+                },
+                "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                "nullable": false,
+                "table": null
               }
             ],
             "time_index": 0,
@@ -389,7 +445,7 @@
           },
           "result_kind": "instant_vector",
           "schema": {
-            "closed": false,
+            "closed": true,
             "fields": [
               {
                 "dtype": {
@@ -414,6 +470,14 @@
                 "name": "job",
                 "nullable": true,
                 "table": null
+              },
+              {
+                "dtype": {
+                  "Plain": "utf8"
+                },
+                "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                "nullable": false,
+                "table": null
               }
             ],
             "time_index": 0,
@@ -503,7 +567,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -528,6 +592,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -543,7 +615,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -568,6 +640,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -591,7 +671,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -616,6 +696,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -645,7 +733,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -670,6 +758,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -739,7 +835,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -764,6 +860,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -779,7 +883,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -804,6 +908,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -827,7 +939,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -852,6 +964,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -882,7 +1002,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -907,6 +1027,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -996,7 +1124,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -1021,6 +1149,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -1036,7 +1172,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -1061,6 +1197,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -1084,7 +1228,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -1109,6 +1253,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -1138,7 +1290,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -1163,6 +1315,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -1232,7 +1392,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -1257,6 +1417,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -1272,7 +1440,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -1297,6 +1465,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -1320,7 +1496,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -1345,6 +1521,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -1381,7 +1565,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -1409,6 +1593,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -1427,7 +1619,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -1452,6 +1644,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -1541,7 +1741,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -1566,6 +1766,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -1581,7 +1789,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -1606,6 +1814,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -1629,7 +1845,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -1654,6 +1870,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -1683,7 +1907,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -1708,6 +1932,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -1777,7 +2009,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -1802,6 +2034,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -1817,7 +2057,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -1842,6 +2082,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -1865,7 +2113,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -1890,6 +2138,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -1920,7 +2176,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -1945,6 +2201,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -1978,14 +2242,8 @@
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
                       "item": {
-                        "EntityIdentity": {
-                          "PromqlLabelSet": {
-                            "excluding": [
-                              {
-                                "Named": "job"
-                              }
-                            ]
-                          }
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
                         }
                       },
                       "weight": {
@@ -2113,7 +2371,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -2138,6 +2396,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -2153,7 +2419,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -2178,6 +2444,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -2201,7 +2475,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -2226,6 +2500,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -2255,7 +2537,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -2280,6 +2562,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -2349,7 +2639,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -2374,6 +2664,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -2389,7 +2687,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -2414,6 +2712,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -2437,7 +2743,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -2462,6 +2768,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -2498,7 +2812,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -2526,6 +2840,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -2544,7 +2866,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -2569,6 +2891,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -2602,14 +2932,8 @@
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
                       "item": {
-                        "EntityIdentity": {
-                          "PromqlLabelSet": {
-                            "excluding": [
-                              {
-                                "Named": "job"
-                              }
-                            ]
-                          }
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
                         }
                       },
                       "weight": {
@@ -2737,7 +3061,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -2762,6 +3086,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -2777,7 +3109,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -2802,6 +3134,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -2825,7 +3165,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -2850,6 +3190,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -2879,7 +3227,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -2904,6 +3252,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -2973,7 +3329,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -2998,6 +3354,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -3013,7 +3377,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -3038,6 +3402,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -3061,7 +3433,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -3086,6 +3458,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -3116,7 +3496,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -3141,6 +3521,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -3174,14 +3562,8 @@
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
                       "item": {
-                        "EntityIdentity": {
-                          "PromqlLabelSet": {
-                            "excluding": [
-                              {
-                                "Named": "job"
-                              }
-                            ]
-                          }
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
                         }
                       },
                       "weight": {
@@ -3309,7 +3691,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -3334,6 +3716,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -3349,7 +3739,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -3374,6 +3764,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -3397,7 +3795,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -3422,6 +3820,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -3451,7 +3857,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -3476,6 +3882,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -3545,7 +3959,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -3570,6 +3984,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -3585,7 +4007,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -3610,6 +4032,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -3633,7 +4063,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -3658,6 +4088,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -3694,7 +4132,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -3722,6 +4160,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -3740,7 +4186,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -3765,6 +4211,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -3798,14 +4252,8 @@
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
                       "item": {
-                        "EntityIdentity": {
-                          "PromqlLabelSet": {
-                            "excluding": [
-                              {
-                                "Named": "job"
-                              }
-                            ]
-                          }
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
                         }
                       },
                       "weight": {
@@ -3933,7 +4381,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -3958,6 +4406,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -3973,7 +4429,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -3998,6 +4454,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -4021,7 +4485,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -4046,6 +4510,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -4082,7 +4554,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -4110,6 +4582,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -4128,7 +4608,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -4153,6 +4633,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -4222,7 +4710,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -4247,6 +4735,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -4262,7 +4758,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -4287,9 +4783,17 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": []
               },
               "timing": null
@@ -4310,7 +4814,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -4335,6 +4839,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -4365,7 +4877,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -4390,6 +4902,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -4479,7 +4999,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -4504,6 +5024,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -4519,7 +5047,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -4544,6 +5072,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -4567,7 +5103,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -4592,6 +5128,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -4628,7 +5172,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -4656,6 +5200,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -4674,7 +5226,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -4699,6 +5251,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -4768,7 +5328,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -4793,6 +5353,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -4808,7 +5376,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -4833,6 +5401,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -4856,7 +5432,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -4881,6 +5457,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -4917,7 +5501,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -4945,6 +5529,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -4963,7 +5555,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -4988,6 +5580,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -5077,7 +5677,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -5102,6 +5702,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -5117,7 +5725,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -5142,6 +5750,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -5165,7 +5781,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -5190,6 +5806,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -5226,7 +5850,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -5254,6 +5878,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -5272,7 +5904,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -5297,6 +5929,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -5366,7 +6006,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -5391,6 +6031,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -5406,7 +6054,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -5431,6 +6079,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -5454,7 +6110,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -5479,6 +6135,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -5509,7 +6173,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -5534,6 +6198,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -5567,14 +6239,8 @@
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
                       "item": {
-                        "EntityIdentity": {
-                          "PromqlLabelSet": {
-                            "excluding": [
-                              {
-                                "Named": "job"
-                              }
-                            ]
-                          }
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
                         }
                       },
                       "weight": {
@@ -5702,7 +6368,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -5727,6 +6393,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -5742,7 +6416,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -5767,6 +6441,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -5790,7 +6472,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -5815,6 +6497,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -5851,7 +6541,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -5879,6 +6569,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -5897,7 +6595,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -5922,6 +6620,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -5991,7 +6697,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -6016,6 +6722,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -6031,7 +6745,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -6056,6 +6770,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -6079,7 +6801,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -6104,6 +6826,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -6140,7 +6870,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -6168,6 +6898,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -6186,7 +6924,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -6211,6 +6949,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -6244,14 +6990,8 @@
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
                       "item": {
-                        "EntityIdentity": {
-                          "PromqlLabelSet": {
-                            "excluding": [
-                              {
-                                "Named": "job"
-                              }
-                            ]
-                          }
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
                         }
                       },
                       "weight": {
@@ -6379,7 +7119,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -6404,8 +7144,16 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
-                        }
-                      ],
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
+                      ],
                       "time_index": 0,
                       "unique_keys": []
                     },
@@ -6419,7 +7167,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -6444,6 +7192,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -6467,7 +7223,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -6492,6 +7248,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -6528,7 +7292,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -6556,6 +7320,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -6574,7 +7346,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -6599,6 +7371,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -6668,7 +7448,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -6693,6 +7473,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -6708,7 +7496,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -6733,6 +7521,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -6756,7 +7552,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -6781,6 +7577,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -6811,7 +7615,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -6836,6 +7640,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -6869,14 +7681,8 @@
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
                       "item": {
-                        "EntityIdentity": {
-                          "PromqlLabelSet": {
-                            "excluding": [
-                              {
-                                "Named": "job"
-                              }
-                            ]
-                          }
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
                         }
                       },
                       "weight": {
@@ -7004,7 +7810,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -7029,6 +7835,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -7044,7 +7858,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -7069,6 +7883,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -7092,7 +7914,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -7117,6 +7939,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -7153,7 +7983,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -7181,6 +8011,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -7199,7 +8037,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -7224,6 +8062,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -7293,7 +8139,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -7318,6 +8164,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -7333,7 +8187,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -7358,6 +8212,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -7381,7 +8243,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -7406,6 +8268,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -7442,7 +8312,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -7470,6 +8340,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -7488,7 +8366,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -7513,6 +8391,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -7546,14 +8432,8 @@
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
                       "item": {
-                        "EntityIdentity": {
-                          "PromqlLabelSet": {
-                            "excluding": [
-                              {
-                                "Named": "job"
-                              }
-                            ]
-                          }
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
                         }
                       },
                       "weight": {
@@ -7681,7 +8561,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -7706,6 +8586,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -7721,7 +8609,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -7746,6 +8634,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -7769,7 +8665,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -7794,6 +8690,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -7823,7 +8727,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -7848,6 +8752,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -7965,7 +8877,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -7990,6 +8902,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -8005,7 +8925,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -8030,6 +8950,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -8053,7 +8981,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -8078,6 +9006,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -8108,7 +9044,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -8133,6 +9069,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -8222,7 +9166,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -8247,6 +9191,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -8262,7 +9214,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -8287,6 +9239,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -8310,7 +9270,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -8335,6 +9295,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -8364,7 +9332,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -8389,6 +9357,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -8506,7 +9482,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -8531,6 +9507,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -8546,7 +9530,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -8571,9 +9555,17 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": []
               },
               "timing": null
@@ -8594,7 +9586,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -8619,6 +9611,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -8655,7 +9655,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -8683,6 +9683,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -8701,7 +9709,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -8726,6 +9734,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -8815,7 +9831,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -8840,6 +9856,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -8855,7 +9879,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -8880,6 +9904,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -8903,7 +9935,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -8928,6 +9960,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -8957,7 +9997,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -8982,6 +10022,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -9099,7 +10147,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -9124,6 +10172,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -9139,7 +10195,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -9164,6 +10220,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -9187,7 +10251,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -9212,6 +10276,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -9242,7 +10314,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -9267,6 +10339,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -9300,14 +10380,8 @@
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
                       "item": {
-                        "EntityIdentity": {
-                          "PromqlLabelSet": {
-                            "excluding": [
-                              {
-                                "Named": "job"
-                              }
-                            ]
-                          }
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
                         }
                       },
                       "weight": {
@@ -9435,7 +10509,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -9460,6 +10534,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -9475,7 +10557,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -9500,6 +10582,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -9523,7 +10613,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -9548,6 +10638,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -9577,7 +10675,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -9602,6 +10700,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -9719,7 +10825,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -9744,6 +10850,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -9759,7 +10873,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -9784,6 +10898,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -9807,7 +10929,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -9832,6 +10954,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -9868,7 +10998,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -9896,6 +11026,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -9914,7 +11052,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -9939,6 +11077,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -9972,14 +11118,8 @@
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
                       "item": {
-                        "EntityIdentity": {
-                          "PromqlLabelSet": {
-                            "excluding": [
-                              {
-                                "Named": "job"
-                              }
-                            ]
-                          }
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
                         }
                       },
                       "weight": {
@@ -10107,7 +11247,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -10132,6 +11272,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -10147,7 +11295,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -10172,6 +11320,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -10195,7 +11351,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -10220,6 +11376,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -10249,7 +11413,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -10274,6 +11438,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -10391,7 +11563,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -10416,6 +11588,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -10431,7 +11611,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -10456,6 +11636,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -10479,7 +11667,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -10504,6 +11692,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -10534,7 +11730,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -10559,6 +11755,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -10592,14 +11796,8 @@
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
                       "item": {
-                        "EntityIdentity": {
-                          "PromqlLabelSet": {
-                            "excluding": [
-                              {
-                                "Named": "job"
-                              }
-                            ]
-                          }
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
                         }
                       },
                       "weight": {
@@ -10727,7 +11925,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -10752,6 +11950,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -10767,7 +11973,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -10792,6 +11998,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -10815,7 +12029,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -10840,6 +12054,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -10869,7 +12091,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -10894,7 +12116,15 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
-                  }
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": []
@@ -11011,7 +12241,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -11036,6 +12266,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -11051,7 +12289,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -11076,6 +12314,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -11099,7 +12345,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -11124,6 +12370,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -11160,7 +12414,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -11188,6 +12442,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -11206,7 +12468,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -11231,6 +12493,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -11264,14 +12534,8 @@
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
                       "item": {
-                        "EntityIdentity": {
-                          "PromqlLabelSet": {
-                            "excluding": [
-                              {
-                                "Named": "job"
-                              }
-                            ]
-                          }
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
                         }
                       },
                       "weight": {
@@ -11399,7 +12663,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -11424,6 +12688,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -11439,7 +12711,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -11464,6 +12736,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -11487,7 +12767,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -11512,6 +12792,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -11548,7 +12836,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -11576,6 +12864,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -11594,7 +12890,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -11619,6 +12915,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -11736,7 +13040,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -11761,6 +13065,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -11776,7 +13088,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -11801,6 +13113,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -11824,7 +13144,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -11849,6 +13169,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -11879,7 +13207,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -11904,6 +13232,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -11993,7 +13329,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -12018,6 +13354,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -12033,7 +13377,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -12058,6 +13402,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -12081,7 +13433,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -12106,6 +13458,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -12142,7 +13502,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -12170,6 +13530,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -12188,7 +13556,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -12213,6 +13581,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -12330,7 +13706,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -12355,6 +13731,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -12370,7 +13754,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -12395,6 +13779,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -12418,7 +13810,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -12443,6 +13835,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -12479,7 +13879,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -12507,6 +13907,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -12525,7 +13933,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -12550,6 +13958,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -12639,7 +14055,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -12664,6 +14080,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -12679,7 +14103,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -12704,6 +14128,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -12727,7 +14159,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -12752,6 +14184,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -12788,7 +14228,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -12816,6 +14256,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -12834,7 +14282,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -12859,6 +14307,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -12976,7 +14432,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -13001,6 +14457,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -13016,7 +14480,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -13041,6 +14505,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -13064,7 +14536,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -13089,11 +14561,19 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": 0,
-                "unique_keys": []
-              },
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": []
+              },
               "timing": null
             },
             {
@@ -13119,7 +14599,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -13144,6 +14624,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -13177,14 +14665,8 @@
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
                       "item": {
-                        "EntityIdentity": {
-                          "PromqlLabelSet": {
-                            "excluding": [
-                              {
-                                "Named": "job"
-                              }
-                            ]
-                          }
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
                         }
                       },
                       "weight": {
@@ -13312,7 +14794,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -13337,6 +14819,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -13352,7 +14842,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -13377,6 +14867,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -13400,7 +14898,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -13425,6 +14923,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -13461,7 +14967,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -13489,6 +14995,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -13507,7 +15021,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -13532,6 +15046,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -13649,7 +15171,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -13674,6 +15196,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -13689,7 +15219,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -13714,6 +15244,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -13737,7 +15275,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -13762,6 +15300,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -13798,7 +15344,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -13826,6 +15372,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -13844,7 +15398,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -13869,6 +15423,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -13902,14 +15464,8 @@
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
                       "item": {
-                        "EntityIdentity": {
-                          "PromqlLabelSet": {
-                            "excluding": [
-                              {
-                                "Named": "job"
-                              }
-                            ]
-                          }
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
                         }
                       },
                       "weight": {
@@ -14037,7 +15593,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -14062,6 +15618,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -14077,7 +15641,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -14102,6 +15666,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -14125,7 +15697,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -14150,6 +15722,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -14186,7 +15766,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -14214,6 +15794,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -14232,7 +15820,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -14257,6 +15845,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -14374,7 +15970,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -14399,6 +15995,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -14414,7 +16018,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -14439,6 +16043,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -14462,7 +16074,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -14487,6 +16099,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -14517,7 +16137,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -14542,6 +16162,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -14575,14 +16203,8 @@
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
                       "item": {
-                        "EntityIdentity": {
-                          "PromqlLabelSet": {
-                            "excluding": [
-                              {
-                                "Named": "job"
-                              }
-                            ]
-                          }
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
                         }
                       },
                       "weight": {
@@ -14710,7 +16332,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -14735,6 +16357,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -14750,7 +16380,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -14775,6 +16405,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -14798,7 +16436,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -14823,6 +16461,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -14859,7 +16505,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -14887,6 +16533,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -14905,7 +16559,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -14930,6 +16584,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -15047,7 +16709,7 @@
                   "Scan": {
                     "predicates": [],
                     "schema": {
-                      "closed": false,
+                      "closed": true,
                       "fields": [
                         {
                           "dtype": {
@@ -15072,6 +16734,14 @@
                           "name": "job",
                           "nullable": true,
                           "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         }
                       ],
                       "time_index": 0,
@@ -15087,7 +16757,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -15112,6 +16782,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -15135,7 +16813,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "range_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -15160,6 +16838,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -15196,7 +16882,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "state",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -15224,6 +16910,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -15242,7 +16936,7 @@
               },
               "result_kind": "instant_vector",
               "schema": {
-                "closed": false,
+                "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -15267,6 +16961,14 @@
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
                 "time_index": 0,
@@ -15300,14 +17002,8 @@
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
                       "item": {
-                        "EntityIdentity": {
-                          "PromqlLabelSet": {
-                            "excluding": [
-                              {
-                                "Named": "job"
-                              }
-                            ]
-                          }
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
                         }
                       },
                       "weight": {
@@ -15429,6 +17125,28872 @@
     "capped": false,
     "combinations": 24
   },
+  "stage2_physical_asap": {
+    "candidates": [
+      {
+        "dag": {
+          "edges": [
+            {
+              "consumer": 1,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": []
+              },
+              "producer": 0,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 2,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": []
+              },
+              "producer": 1,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 3,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": []
+              },
+              "producer": 2,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 5,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": []
+              },
+              "producer": 4,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 6,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
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+      {
+        "id": "P1",
+        "reason": "costlier: 86.401 vs 79.401 cpu_ms_per_workload_evaluation",
+        "valid": true
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P2",
+        "reason": "costlier: 83.401 vs 79.401 cpu_ms_per_workload_evaluation",
+        "valid": true
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P5",
+        "reason": "costlier: 198.401 vs 79.401 cpu_ms_per_workload_evaluation",
+        "valid": true
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P6",
+        "reason": "costlier: 195.401 vs 79.401 cpu_ms_per_workload_evaluation",
+        "valid": true
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P7",
+        "reason": "costlier: 83.401 vs 79.401 cpu_ms_per_workload_evaluation",
+        "valid": true
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P8",
+        "reason": "costlier: 80.401 vs 79.401 cpu_ms_per_workload_evaluation",
+        "valid": true
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P11",
+        "reason": "costlier: 195.401 vs 79.401 cpu_ms_per_workload_evaluation",
+        "valid": true
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P12",
+        "reason": "costlier: 192.401 vs 79.401 cpu_ms_per_workload_evaluation",
+        "valid": true
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P13",
+        "reason": "costlier: 85.401 vs 79.401 cpu_ms_per_workload_evaluation",
+        "valid": true
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P14",
+        "reason": "costlier: 82.401 vs 79.401 cpu_ms_per_workload_evaluation",
+        "valid": true
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P17",
+        "reason": "costlier: 197.401 vs 79.401 cpu_ms_per_workload_evaluation",
+        "valid": true
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P18",
+        "reason": "costlier: 194.401 vs 79.401 cpu_ms_per_workload_evaluation",
+        "valid": true
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P19",
+        "reason": "costlier: 82.401 vs 79.401 cpu_ms_per_workload_evaluation",
+        "valid": true
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P23",
+        "reason": "costlier: 194.401 vs 79.401 cpu_ms_per_workload_evaluation",
+        "valid": true
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P24",
+        "reason": "costlier: 191.401 vs 79.401 cpu_ms_per_workload_evaluation",
+        "valid": true
+      }
+    ],
+    "selected": "P20"
+  },
   "workload": {
     "queries": [
       {