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1 | 1 | [ |
2 | 2 | { |
3 | | - "question_text": "An operating system manages computer hardware and software resources. What is generally considered the first operating system, created in 1956 for the IBM 704?", |
4 | | - "correct_answer": "GM-NAA I/O, developed by General Motors and North American Aviation", |
| 3 | + "question_text": "What is an operating system in the context of computing?", |
| 4 | + "correct_answer": "System software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for programs", |
5 | 5 | "distractors": [ |
6 | | - "BESYS, developed by Bell Labs for the IBM 7090", |
7 | | - "IBSYS, developed by IBM for its 7090 and 7094 mainframes", |
8 | | - "CTSS, developed at MIT for the IBM 7094" |
| 6 | + "A physical circuit board that coordinates electrical signals between the CPU and memory chips", |
| 7 | + "A programming language used to write applications and compile them into machine code", |
| 8 | + "A network protocol that routes data packets between computers connected to the internet" |
9 | 9 | ], |
10 | 10 | "difficulty": 1, |
11 | 11 | "source_article": "Operating system", |
12 | 12 | "domain_ids": ["computer-science"], |
13 | 13 | "concepts_tested": ["operating system"] |
14 | 14 | }, |
15 | 15 | { |
16 | | - "question_text": "The Internet originated from ARPANET. On October 29, 1969, the first ARPANET message was intended to be 'login,' but the system crashed. What letters were actually transmitted?", |
17 | | - "correct_answer": "Only 'L' and 'O' were sent before the system crashed", |
| 16 | + "question_text": "What is the Internet?", |
| 17 | + "correct_answer": "The global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the TCP/IP protocol suite to communicate between networks and devices", |
18 | 18 | "distractors": [ |
19 | | - "Only the letter 'L' was sent before the connection timed out", |
20 | | - "The full word 'log' was transmitted before a buffer overflow occurred", |
21 | | - "Only 'L', 'O', and 'G' were sent before a routing error stopped the transfer" |
| 19 | + "A single centralized server maintained by an international organization that hosts all publicly accessible websites worldwide", |
| 20 | + "A local wireless connection standard that links personal devices within a single home or office building", |
| 21 | + "A satellite broadcasting system that transmits television and radio signals to receivers located around the world" |
22 | 22 | ], |
23 | 23 | "difficulty": 1, |
24 | 24 | "source_article": "Internet", |
25 | 25 | "domain_ids": ["computer-science"], |
26 | 26 | "concepts_tested": ["internet"] |
27 | 27 | }, |
28 | 28 | { |
29 | | - "question_text": "A database is an organized collection of data managed by a DBMS. What does DBMS stand for, and what is its primary role?", |
30 | | - "correct_answer": "Database Management System; it manages storage, retrieval, and administration of data", |
| 29 | + "question_text": "In computing, what is a database?", |
| 30 | + "correct_answer": "An organized collection of data stored electronically and managed through a database management system (DBMS)", |
31 | 31 | "distractors": [ |
32 | | - "Data Block Management Service; it handles physical disk allocation and defragmentation", |
33 | | - "Digital Backup and Migration System; it automates data replication across servers", |
34 | | - "Database Monitoring and Security system; it provides real-time intrusion detection for stored data" |
| 32 | + "A physical filing cabinet system used to archive printed documents and paper records in offices", |
| 33 | + "A type of spreadsheet application designed exclusively for calculating and displaying financial records", |
| 34 | + "A backup power supply unit that preserves electronically stored data during unexpected electrical outages" |
35 | 35 | ], |
36 | 36 | "difficulty": 1, |
37 | 37 | "source_article": "Database", |
38 | 38 | "domain_ids": ["computer-science"], |
39 | 39 | "concepts_tested": ["database"] |
40 | 40 | }, |
41 | 41 | { |
42 | | - "question_text": "In a computer network, which topology connects every device directly to every other device, providing maximum redundancy but at the highest cabling cost?", |
43 | | - "correct_answer": "Mesh topology (specifically full mesh topology)", |
| 42 | + "question_text": "What best describes a computer network?", |
| 43 | + "correct_answer": "A group of interconnected computers that communicate and share resources using communication protocols", |
44 | 44 | "distractors": [ |
45 | | - "Star topology, where all devices connect through a central hub", |
46 | | - "Ring topology, where each device connects to exactly two neighbors", |
47 | | - "Bus topology, where all devices share a single backbone cable" |
| 45 | + "A single computer with multiple monitors attached for displaying different applications on each screen", |
| 46 | + "A software program that connects a computer's internal components such as the CPU and memory", |
| 47 | + "A collection of websites organized into categories and indexed for retrieval by a search engine" |
48 | 48 | ], |
49 | 49 | "difficulty": 1, |
50 | 50 | "source_article": "Computer network", |
51 | 51 | "domain_ids": ["computer-science"], |
52 | 52 | "concepts_tested": ["computer network"] |
53 | 53 | }, |
54 | 54 | { |
55 | | - "question_text": "Software is broadly divided into two main categories. Which two categories are they?", |
56 | | - "correct_answer": "System software (e.g., operating systems) and application software (e.g., word processors)", |
| 55 | + "question_text": "What does the term 'software' refer to in computing?", |
| 56 | + "correct_answer": "Computer programs and associated data that provide instructions telling a computer what to do", |
57 | 57 | "distractors": [ |
58 | | - "Compiled software (e.g., C programs) and interpreted software (e.g., Python scripts)", |
59 | | - "Open-source software (e.g., Linux) and proprietary software (e.g., Windows)", |
60 | | - "Firmware (e.g., BIOS) and middleware (e.g., database connectors)" |
| 58 | + "The physical electronic components inside a computer such as the processor and memory chips", |
| 59 | + "The electrical wiring and cable connections that link peripheral devices to the motherboard", |
| 60 | + "The metal and plastic casing that protects the internal circuitry of a computer from damage" |
61 | 61 | ], |
62 | 62 | "difficulty": 1, |
63 | 63 | "source_article": "Software", |
64 | 64 | "domain_ids": ["computer-science"], |
65 | 65 | "concepts_tested": ["software"] |
66 | 66 | }, |
67 | 67 | { |
68 | | - "question_text": "A computer virus replicates by inserting its code into other programs. What was the name of the first known computer virus, created by Bob Thomas at BBN Technologies in 1971?", |
69 | | - "correct_answer": "Creeper, which spread across ARPANET displaying 'I'm the creeper, catch me if you can!'", |
| 68 | + "question_text": "What distinguishes a computer virus from other types of malicious software?", |
| 69 | + "correct_answer": "It replicates by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code into those programs", |
70 | 70 | "distractors": [ |
71 | | - "Brain, which infected IBM PC boot sectors and was created in Pakistan", |
72 | | - "Elk Cloner, which spread via Apple II floppy disks and displayed a poem", |
73 | | - "Morris Worm, which exploited Unix sendmail vulnerabilities to replicate across the Internet" |
| 71 | + "It encrypts all files on a hard drive and demands a cryptocurrency ransom payment to restore access", |
| 72 | + "It monitors keyboard input to secretly record passwords and send them to a remote attacker", |
| 73 | + "It spreads independently across networks without needing to attach itself to any existing programs" |
74 | 74 | ], |
75 | 75 | "difficulty": 1, |
76 | 76 | "source_article": "Computer virus", |
77 | 77 | "domain_ids": ["computer-science"], |
78 | 78 | "concepts_tested": ["computer virus"] |
79 | 79 | }, |
80 | 80 | { |
81 | | - "question_text": "According to NIST Special Publication 800-145, cloud computing has five essential characteristics. Which of the following is one of those five characteristics?", |
82 | | - "correct_answer": "On-demand self-service, allowing users to provision computing resources automatically without human interaction", |
| 81 | + "question_text": "What is cloud computing?", |
| 82 | + "correct_answer": "The on-demand delivery of computing resources such as servers, storage, and applications over the internet", |
83 | 83 | "distractors": [ |
84 | | - "Guaranteed uptime of 99.999%, ensuring continuous availability under all conditions", |
85 | | - "Mandatory data encryption at rest, requiring all stored data to be encrypted by default", |
86 | | - "Automatic geographic redundancy, replicating all data across at least three continents" |
| 84 | + "A weather prediction system that uses networked satellites to model atmospheric conditions and forecast storms", |
| 85 | + "A method of storing files exclusively on portable USB flash drives for secure offline access anywhere", |
| 86 | + "A local area network setup where all desktop computers share a single centralized physical hard drive" |
87 | 87 | ], |
88 | 88 | "difficulty": 1, |
89 | 89 | "source_article": "Cloud computing", |
90 | 90 | "domain_ids": ["computer-science"], |
91 | 91 | "concepts_tested": ["cloud computing"] |
92 | 92 | }, |
93 | 93 | { |
94 | | - "question_text": "Computer hardware refers to the physical components of a computer. Which component is often called the 'brain' of the computer because it executes instructions and performs calculations?", |
95 | | - "correct_answer": "The central processing unit (CPU)", |
| 94 | + "question_text": "What does the term 'computer hardware' refer to?", |
| 95 | + "correct_answer": "The physical components of a computer, such as the CPU, RAM, motherboard, and storage devices", |
96 | 96 | "distractors": [ |
97 | | - "The random-access memory (RAM), which stores running programs", |
98 | | - "The motherboard, which connects all components together", |
99 | | - "The graphics processing unit (GPU), which renders visual output" |
| 97 | + "The programs and applications installed on a computer that enable users to perform specific tasks", |
| 98 | + "The set of rules and protocols that govern how data is transmitted between devices on a network", |
| 99 | + "The graphical user interface elements like windows, icons, and menus displayed on a monitor screen" |
100 | 100 | ], |
101 | 101 | "difficulty": 1, |
102 | 102 | "source_article": "Computer hardware", |
103 | 103 | "domain_ids": ["computer-science"], |
104 | 104 | "concepts_tested": ["computer hardware"] |
105 | 105 | }, |
106 | 106 | { |
107 | | - "question_text": "A file system governs how data is organized and accessed on storage media. Which file system, introduced with Windows NT in 1993, replaced FAT32 and supports a maximum file size of 16 exabytes?", |
108 | | - "correct_answer": "NTFS (New Technology File System)", |
| 107 | + "question_text": "In computing, what is a file system?", |
| 108 | + "correct_answer": "A method used by an operating system to organize, store, and retrieve files on a storage device", |
109 | 109 | "distractors": [ |
110 | | - "ext4 (Fourth Extended File System), the default for most Linux distributions", |
111 | | - "HFS+ (Hierarchical File System Plus), used by macOS before APFS", |
112 | | - "ZFS (Zettabyte File System), originally developed by Sun Microsystems" |
| 110 | + "An antivirus program that scans documents for malicious code before allowing them to be opened", |
| 111 | + "A cloud-based service that automatically backs up all user files to a remote internet server", |
| 112 | + "A hardware component inside a hard drive that physically reads and writes data to the disk platters" |
113 | 113 | ], |
114 | 114 | "difficulty": 1, |
115 | 115 | "source_article": "File system", |
116 | 116 | "domain_ids": ["computer-science"], |
117 | 117 | "concepts_tested": ["file system"] |
118 | 118 | }, |
119 | 119 | { |
120 | | - "question_text": "According to the NIST Digital Identity Guidelines, what are the two parties involved in password-based authentication called?", |
121 | | - "correct_answer": "The claimant (who holds the password) and the verifier (who checks the identity)", |
| 120 | + "question_text": "In computer security, what is a password?", |
| 121 | + "correct_answer": "A secret string of characters used to authenticate a user's identity and grant access to a system", |
122 | 122 | "distractors": [ |
123 | | - "The principal (who requests access) and the guardian (who grants permissions)", |
124 | | - "The authenticator (who provides credentials) and the arbiter (who validates them)", |
125 | | - "The supplicant (who submits the secret) and the gatekeeper (who controls entry)" |
| 123 | + "A hardware security token that generates a unique radio frequency signal to physically unlock a device", |
| 124 | + "A biometric fingerprint scan stored on an encrypted chip embedded inside the computer's motherboard", |
| 125 | + "An encrypted file containing the user's complete browsing history and all saved website preferences" |
126 | 126 | ], |
127 | 127 | "difficulty": 1, |
128 | 128 | "source_article": "Password", |
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